Intra‐Annual and Interannual Dynamics of Evaporation Over Western Lake Erie

Shao, Changliang; Chen, Jiquan; Chu, Housen; Stepien, Carol A.; Ouyang, Zutao

doi:10.1029/2020ea001091

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The EC measurement period (May-September) was around the turning point in July that led to the weak correlation. Nevertheless, a clear and strong relationship can be established between the two variables for the shallow Lake Balaton similar to other lake studies [14,46,48]. In other words, the available energy (which is driven by SWin) plays a crucial role in the intraannual variability of LE.…”

Section: Hysteresis Behavior Of Evaporation and Its Transfer Coeffici...supporting

confidence: 84%

Intra-Seasonal and Intra-Annual Variation of the Latent Heat Flux Transfer Coefficient for a Freshwater Lake

2022

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In the case of lakes, evaporation is one of the most significant losses of water and energy. Based on high-frequency eddy-covariance (EC) measurements between May and September of 2019, the offshore heat and water vapor exchanges are evaluated for the large (~600 km2) but shallow (~3.2 m deep) Lake Balaton (Transdanubian region, Hungary). The role of local driving forces of evaporation in different time scales (from 20 min to one month) is explored, such as water surface and air temperatures, humidity, atmospheric stability, net radiation, and energy budget components. EC-derived water vapor roughness lengths and transfer coefficients (Cq) show an apparent intra-seasonal variation. Different energy balance-based evaporation estimation methods (such as the Priestley-Taylor and the Penman-Monteith) confirm this observation. Furthermore, this has suggested the existence of an intra-annual variation in these parameters. This hypothesis is verified using ten years of water balance measurements, from which, as a first step, evaporation rates and, second, transfer coefficients are derived on a monthly scale. Cq is highly reduced in winter months (~1 × 10−3) compared to summer months (~2.5 × 10−3) and strongly correlated with net radiation. The application of time-varying Cq significantly increases the accuracy of evaporation estimation when the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory-based aerodynamic method is applied. The determination coefficient increases to 0.84 compared to 0.52 when a constant Cq is employed.

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Section: Hysteresis Behavior Of Evaporation and Its Transfer Coeffici...supporting

confidence: 84%

Intra-Seasonal and Intra-Annual Variation of the Latent Heat Flux Transfer Coefficient for a Freshwater Lake

2022

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“…The maximum LE was about one month to three months lag behind the maximum R n over Erhai Lake. For large and deep lakes with the high heat capacity of lake water, a two to five months delay between maximum LE and R n was observed [17,[58][59][60]. The seasonal variation of the heat storage change (∆Q) can be divided into storaging period (∆Q > 0) and releasing period (∆Q < 0).…”

Section: Meteorological Conditions and Surface Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Performance of Different Methods for Estimating Evaporation over a Highland Open Freshwater Lake in Mountainous Area

Meng

Liu

et al. 2020

Water

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Lake evaporation is an important link connecting the water cycle and the surface energy cycle and remains one of the most uncertain terms in the local catchment’s water balance. Quantifying lake evaporation and its variability is crucial to improve water resource management and understand the response of the lake system towards climate change. In this study, we evaluated the performances of nine evaporation methods at different timescales and calibrated them by using the continuous eddy covariance (EC) observation data during 2015–2018 over Erhai Lake, a highland open freshwater lake situated in the Dali valley, China. The nine evaporation methods could be classified into combination methods (Bowen-ratio energy budget, Penman, Priestley–Taylor, DeBruin–Keijman and Brutsaert–Stricker), solar radiation-based methods (Jensen–Haise and Makkink) and Dalton-based method (mass transfer and Ryan–Harleman) based on their parameterization schemes. The Dalton-based Ryan–Harleman method is most suitable for estimating evaporation at daily to weekly scales, while the combination methods and solar radiation-based method had good estimates at monthly timescale. After calibration, the biases of the Jensen–Haise and Ryan–Harleman method were slightly reduced, while the biases of the Makkink and mass transfer methods were reduced substantially. The calibrated Jensen–Haise method with small annual bias (−2.2~2.8%) and simple input variables was applied to estimate the long-term trend of evaporation during 1981–2018. The annual total evaporation showed an insignificant increasing trend of 0.30 mm year−1, mainly caused by the significant rising air temperature. This study showed the performance of evaporation methods over water bodies had large discrepancies on different time scales, which indicated the importance of the choice of evaporation methods and provided instruction for water resource management of this region under climate change.

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“…Complete observation records of the ice-free season are important since prior work (e.g. Spence et al 2003;Lenters et al 2005;Granger and Hedstrom, 2011;Spence et al 2011;Liu et al 2012;Shao et al 2020;Fournier et al, 2021) has shown significant differences in atmospheric forcing that drive evaporation processes between the warming, cooling, and frozen phases of lakes. Here warming is broadly defined as the spring mixing and stratification period when the atmosphere is generally warmer than the air, cooling is turnover when the lake is warmer than the air, and frozen is the ice-covered period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An open source refactoring of the Canadian small lakes model for estimates of evaporation from medium sized reservoirs

Clark,

Carey

2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Eddy covariance (EC) is one of the most effective ways to directly observe evaporation from a lake surface. However, the deployment of EC systems on lakes is costly and technically challenging which engenders a need for accurate modelling of evaporation from reservoirs for effective management. This study aims to 1) refactor the Canadian Small Lakes Model (CSLM) into modern high-level programming languages in open-source repositories and 2) evaluate evaporation estimates from the CSLM using nine years of EC observations of a pit-lake in Northern Alberta. The CSLM is a 1-D physical lake model simulating a mixing layer and arbitrary thick skin layer which interfaces with the atmosphere and includes a module for ice dynamics. It was developed to interface with the Canadian Global Coupled models as part of the surface classification scheme, and thus utilizes widely accessible forcing data. In this study the CSLM evaporation estimates are also compared to a commonly used bulk transfer method of estimating evaporation. In general, the CSLM had smaller open-water season error (RMSE of 0.70 mm day-1) than the bulk transfer method (RMSE of 0.83 mm day-1). However, if EC data is available, further improvement can be gained by using an Artificial Neural Network to adjust the modelled fluxes (RMSE of 0.51 mm day-1). This final step can be very useful for gap-filling missing data from lake observation networks as there has been recent attention on the limited coverage of direct open water evaporation observations in the literature.

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Intra‐Annual and Interannual Dynamics of Evaporation Over Western Lake Erie

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Intra-Seasonal and Intra-Annual Variation of the Latent Heat Flux Transfer Coefficient for a Freshwater Lake

Intra-Seasonal and Intra-Annual Variation of the Latent Heat Flux Transfer Coefficient for a Freshwater Lake

Evaluation of the Performance of Different Methods for Estimating Evaporation over a Highland Open Freshwater Lake in Mountainous Area

An open source refactoring of the Canadian small lakes model for estimates of evaporation from medium sized reservoirs

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