Intra- and interplant leaf sesquiterpene variability in Copaifera langsdorfii: relation to microlepidopteran herbivory

Macedo, Cynthia A.; Langenheim, Jean H.

doi:10.1016/0305-1978(89)90098-7

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is well known that plant defense exhibits substantial variation within populations of a single species (Whitham et al 2006), as well as among closely related species (Becerra 1997, Kursar et al 2009). However, while a few studies have investigated how variation within a species correlates with geographic distance (Macedo andLangenheim 1989, Woods et al 2012) or with differences in biotic interactions (Janzen 1975), we know of no other study that has compared populations of sister species' chemical defenses across an environmental or habitat gradient.…”

Section: Divergence In Plant Defense Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect herbivores, chemical innovation, and the evolution of habitat specialization in Amazonian trees

Fine

Metz

Lokvam

et al. 2013

Ecology

115

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Herbivores are often implicated in the generation of the extraordinarily diverse tropical flora. One hypothesis linking enemies to plant diversification posits that the evolution of novel defenses allows plants to escape their enemies and expand their ranges. When range expansion involves entering a new habitat type, this could accelerate defense evolution if habitats contain different assemblages of herbivores and/or divergent resource availabilities that affect plant defense allocation. We evaluated this hypothesis by investigating two sister habitat specialist ecotypes of Protium subserratum (Burseraceae), a common Amazonian tree that occurs in white-sand and terra firme forests. We collected insect herbivores feeding on the plants, assessed whether growth differences between habitats were genetically based using a reciprocal transplant experiment, and sampled multiple populations of both lineages for defense chemistry. Protium subserratum plants were attacked mainly by chrysomelid beetles and cicadellid hemipterans. Assemblages of insect herbivores were dissimilar between populations of ecotypes from different habitats, as well as from the same habitat 100 km distant. Populations from terra firme habitats grew significantly faster than white-sand populations; they were taller, produced more leaf area, and had more chlorophyll. White-sand populations expressed more dry mass of secondary compounds and accumulated more flavone glycosides and oxidized terpenes, whereas terra firme populations produced a coumaroylquinic acid that was absent from white-sand populations. We interpret these results as strong evidence that herbivores and resource availability select for divergent types and amounts of defense investment in white-sand and terra firme lineages of Protium subserratum, which may contribute to habitat-mediated speciation in these trees.

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Section: Divergence In Plant Defense Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect herbivores, chemical innovation, and the evolution of habitat specialization in Amazonian trees

Fine

Metz

Lokvam

et al. 2013

Ecology

115

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“…Apesar das alterações causadas pelo inseto galhador no mesofilo do folíolo sadio, as cavidades secretoras, que são típicas na espécie hospedeira (Fahn, 1990;Veiga Júnior & Pinto, 2002), continuam presentes nas galhas de nervura e em taça. Segundo Veiga Júnior & Pinto (2002), a secreção produzida por Copaifera é constituída por misturas de sesquiterpenóides que atuam na defesa contra herbivoria por microlepidópteros, o que foi confirmado nos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Langenheim et al (1986aLangenheim et al ( , 1986b, Macedo & Langenheim (1989a, 1989b, 1989c e Feibert & Langenheim (1998). Nas galhas de C. langsdorffii, este tipo de secreção pode constituir um mecanismo intrínseco da planta hospedeira que atua na defesa química contra parasitóides e predadores dos galhadores.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Potencialidades morfogênicas de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae): super-hospedeira de herbívoros galhadores

Oliveira¹,

Drummond

Moreira

et al. 2009

Rev. Biol. Neot.

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“…To date, only a few studies have evaluated the beta-diversity of insect herbivores sampling the same host plant species at different geographic locations, with some studies showing low beta diversity (Novotny et al, 2006), and others showing the opposite pattern (Basset, 2000;Novotny et al, 2005;Salazar and Marquis, 2012;Fine et al, 2013). Even fewer studies have investigated host plant chemical defenses in conjunction with insect herbivore turnover, although there are many studies showing large variation in plant chemistry among populations (Mooney and Emboden, 1968;Macedo and Langenheim, 1989;Berenbaum and Zangerl, 1998;Zangerl and Berenbaum, 2003;Leimu et al, 2012). Most of these studies have shown that plant defense chemistry within a taxon varies among populations across geographic distances and habitats (but see Endara et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of the Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution: investigating widespread species of Amazonian Protium (Burseraceae) trees, their chemical defenses, and their associated herbivore faunas

Fine,

Baccaro,

Lokvam

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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IntroductionPlants and their insect herbivores represent a large fraction of the species in Amazonian forests and are often directly implicated in the origin and maintenance of biodiversity at local and regional scales. How these interactions may change over geographic distance is unknown because very few studies have investigated the herbivore fauna and defense chemicals of any host plant species at multiple sites in tropical forests. One hypothesis, the Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution, predicts that if herbivore assemblages turn over in different parts of a plant’s range, then plant defense chemicals should also change, reflecting local selection pressures.MethodsWe tested this theory by studying 12 species of Protium (Burseraceae) trees that occur in both Iquitos, Peru, and Manaus, Brazil, in rainforests separated by 1500 km. We surveyed all insects observed directly feeding on the plants in both locations for 48 weeks in Manaus and 64 weeks in Iquitos. We analyzed the secondary metabolites in the leaves of all species in both locations using GC/MS and HPLC.Results and DiscussionAlthough in both locations we found that Protium herbivores were dominated by insects from the orders Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, we found almost complete turnover in the herbivore species composition in the two sites, and each host plant species had a different assemblage of herbivores in each location. Comparing the phylogenetic beta-diversity, we found low similarity in herbivore phylogenetic relatedness between host plant species in the two locations. However, the secondary metabolites found within a Protium species were similar across the two locations. We found no strong evidence that individuals from a host plant species in Iquitos or Manaus expressed locally-adapted defense chemicals, as individuals from geographic locations did not form clusters when looking at patterns of chemical similarity. These results are not consistent with the Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution. The most intriguing pattern we found was a strong correlation between the diversity of herbivores per host plant species in both locations. We also found that plants with high chemical richness had lower numbers of herbivore species and numbers of total herbivores in both locations. We conclude that high chemical diversity is the most effective strategy for Protium trees to reduce insect herbivore attacks. We speculate that each secondary metabolite is effective at repelling only a few insect herbivores, and that different chemicals are likely effective in different parts of a plants’ geographic range. Future studies should investigate additional locations and additional natural enemies (i.e., fungal pathogens) to test the hypothesis that chemical diversity reduces attack from natural enemies and may explain the ecological and evolutionary success of rainforest trees over time and space.

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Intra- and interplant leaf sesquiterpene variability in Copaifera langsdorfii: relation to microlepidopteran herbivory

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Insect herbivores, chemical innovation, and the evolution of habitat specialization in Amazonian trees

Insect herbivores, chemical innovation, and the evolution of habitat specialization in Amazonian trees

Potencialidades morfogênicas de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae): super-hospedeira de herbívoros galhadores

A test of the Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution: investigating widespread species of Amazonian Protium (Burseraceae) trees, their chemical defenses, and their associated herbivore faunas

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