Intra- and inter-rater reliability of 3D passive intervertebral motion in subjects with non-specific neck pain assessed by physical therapy students: A pilot study

Abstract

Intra-rater reliability of 3D PIVMs was superior to inter-rater reliability in patients with nonspecific neck pain. The most repeatable evaluation parameter was pain. However overall poor reliability suggests avoiding the use of these techniques alone to examine patients and measure their outcome. Further studies are needed to investigate PIVMs reliability in combination with other assessment procedure in symptomatic patients.