Intra- and Inter-observer Variability of Computed Tomographic Measurements of the Prostate Gland in Neutered Dogs

Delaude, Alessandro; Broeckx, Bart; Saunders, Jimmy; Winter, L. De; Hillaert, Amber; Stock, Emmelie

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.606116

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The results of the current study are in line with a recent study comparing volumetric assessment of the prostate gland in 57 intact and 37 castrated canines, as measured using the slice addition technique in CT [18]. A study regarding linear prostatic dimensions of 62 castrated dogs, as measured on computed tomographic images, revealed a positive association between body weight and prostate dimensions, also in line with our current findings [12]. The work of Atalan et al [10] failed to illustrate a relationship between prostatic size and weight of the dog in castrated animals, which was attributed to the very small sample size of castrated dogs (17 dogs were present in the castrated dogs group) in that study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In this study the prostate volume was calculated based on three linear dimensions of the prostate gland as a continuous variable. A possible explanation for these contradictory results could be attributed to the multiple variables (prostatic length, height and width) contributing to the prostatic volume which is then compared to body weight in the study by Spada et al [11], whereas in the current study (as well as in the mentioned studies by Haverkamp et al [18] and Delaude et al [12]), the different linear dimensions are compared separately with the dogs' body weight. Instead of a single measurement, with a single possibility for measurement error, each of the multiple measurements poses a risk for an additional measurement error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…A recent study investigating the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the prostate gland in castrated canines reported no correlation between prostatic volume and body weight [11]. However, another recent study concerning the prostatic measurements of castrated canines on computed tomography (CT), reported a positive correlation between body weight and linear measurements of the prostate gland [12]. These contradictory results are noteworthy and invite to further investigate a possible relationship between body weight and prostatic dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Ultrasonographic measurements of the prostate gland in castrated adult dogs

Bosma¹,

Wijsman²,

Huygens

et al. 2022

Acta Vet Scand

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Background The dimensions of the prostatic gland in castrated adult dogs, as assessed by ultrasonography, is currently not yet reported in veterinary literature. The current study was aimed at reporting the prostatic dimensions in castrated dogs and investigate the relationship between the dogs’ body weight and prostate size. A second aim of the study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between the dogs’ age and prostate dimensions. A prospective, single-centre, observational study was conducted and 72 privately owned, adult, male castrated dogs with a range of breeds and ages met the final inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into three categories based on body weight. Results A Kruskal–Wallis test found prostatic length and prostatic depth in the longitudinal orientation to be significantly different among the 3 categories (P < 0.005), with an increase in both prostatic length and prostatic depth with increasing body weight. Linear regression of the data set provided comprehensive formulas calculating prostatic length and depth based on the body weight of the dog (r2 of 0.69 and 0.53 for prostatic length and depth respectively). Kendall’s Tau rank test showed no correlation between dogs’ age and prostate dimensions (P > 0.100). Conclusions The current study is the first to provide a comprehensive, weight-based reference for the canine prostate gland of castrated dogs when assessed on ultrasonography.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultrasonographic measurements of the prostate gland in castrated adult dogs

Bosma¹,

Wijsman²,

Huygens

et al. 2022

Acta Vet Scand

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“…Several studies have examined the influence of body weight on prostatic parameters, especially the gland size. 11,25,[35][36][37] Bosma et al 38 reported a significant correlation between body weight and single prostatic size parameters, such as length, height, and depth in castrated dogs, unlike our previous report which did not show any association between prostate volume and size of the dog. 15 Furthermore, the present study found a positive correlation between age at castration and TTP, which may reflect an influence of the timing of exposure to gonadal hormones on prostate vascularization appearance after castration.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Several studies have examined the influence of body weight on prostatic parameters, especially the gland size 11,25,35–37 . Bosma et al 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital postprocessing analysis of prostatic perfusion in neutered dogs

Spada,

Arlt,

De Felice

et al. 2024

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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B‐mode ultrasound is routinely performed to evaluate the prostate gland in neutered dogs, although, the detection of malignancies may be challenging. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has shown to be useful for the assessment of prostatic perfusion in normal and diseased dogs, although the interpretation of contrast ultrasonographic features may still be subjective. A quantitative tool for evaluating prostatic perfusion might improve the reliability of the results in terms of early detection of prostate neoplasia in neutered dogs. The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of a postprocessing analysis tool to CEUS of the prostate in healthy neutered dogs, to provide quantitative measurements, and to study the influence of individual characteristics on prostatic regression. Twenty‐three neutered dogs underwent a B‐mode and CEUS examination of the prostate to acquire data about prostatic morphology and microcirculation. The prostate was imaged using a 5–7.5 MHz linear transducer and contrast was administered intravenously. Videoclips were analyzed by using Qontrast software and a postprocessing digital analysis tool (ImageJ) to measure perfusion peak intensity, time to peak, and vascularization ratio at the moment of the peak, which were then related to body weight, age, and time elapsed since orchiectomy. Correlation tests revealed higher vascularization in younger compared with older dogs (P < .05) and in smaller compared with larger dogs (P < .05). Time elapsed since orchiectomy (P > .05) did not affect prostatic perfusion. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and the postprocessing analysis tool ImageJ allowed analysis of vascular perfusion in all dogs and have the potential to improve the diagnostic possibilities for andrological examination.

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Intra- and Inter-observer Variability of Computed Tomographic Measurements of the Prostate Gland in Neutered Dogs

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Ultrasonographic measurements of the prostate gland in castrated adult dogs

Ultrasonographic measurements of the prostate gland in castrated adult dogs

Digital postprocessing analysis of prostatic perfusion in neutered dogs

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