Intra- and inter-hemispheric structural connectome in agenesis of the corpus callosum

Freitas, Lorena; Spencer‐Smith, Megan; Kebets, Valeria; Anderson, Vicki; McIlroy, Alissandra; Wood, Amanda G.; Leventer, Richard J.; Ville, Dimitri Van De; Siffredi, Vanessa

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102709

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The CC is responsible for hemispheric lateralization and communication between cerebral hemispheres ( 28 ). Studies of connectome with agenesis of the corpus callosum demonstrated that patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum showed longer path length and lower global efficiency ( 29 , 30 ). This suggests that CC abnormalities may contribute to global network metrics that reflect functional integration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disrupted structural connectivity and less efficient network system in patients with the treatment-naive adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Ohnishi¹,

Toda

Itagaki

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder whose primary symptoms are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Historically, ADHD was recognized as a disease of childhood and adolescence. However, many patients are known to have persistent symptoms into adulthood. Many researchers consider the neuropathology of ADHD to be based on abnormalities in multiple parallel and intersecting pathways rather than a single anatomical area, but such alterations remain to be clarified.MethodsUsing diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated differences in the global network metrics estimated by graph theory and the degree of connectivity between adjacent voxels within a white matter (WM) fascicle defined by the density of the diffusing spins (connectometry) between 19 drug-naive Japanese patients with adult ADHD and 19 matched healthy controls (HCs). In adult patients with ADHD, we examined the relationships between the symptomatology of ADHD and global network metrics and WM abnormalities.ResultsCompared with HCs, adult patients with ADHD showed a reduced rich-club coefficient and decreased connectivity in widely distributed WMs such as the corpus callosum, the forceps, and the cingulum bundle. Correlational analyses demonstrated that the general severity of ADHD symptoms was associated with several global network metrics, such as lower global efficiency, clustering coefficient, small worldness, and longer characteristic path length. The connectometry revealed that the severity of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms was associated with overconnectivity in the corticostriatal, corticospinal, and corticopontine tracts, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the extreme capsule but dysconnectivity in the cerebellum. The severity of inattentive symptoms was associated with dysconnectivity in the intracerebellar circuit and some other fibers.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicated that patients with treatment-naive adult ADHD showed disrupted structural connectivity, which contributes to less efficient information transfer in the ADHD brain and pathophysiology of ADHD.Trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000025183, Registered: 5 January 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cingulum bundle and fornix are important parts of the limbic system ( 28 , 30 ). According to DTI studies, the cingulum takes longer to mature even after adolescence and frequently does not take on adult traits until the mid-20s or later ( 34 , 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted structural connectivity and less efficient network system in patients with the treatment-naive adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Ohnishi¹,

Toda

Itagaki

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Siffredi et al 7 found children with AgCC (aged 8-17 years, 60% with complex AgCC) scored significantly below what would be expected on parental and teacher ratings of everyday behaviours indicative of difficulties with executive function (Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function). 41 Shi et al 33 and Siffredi et al 32 further reported that children with AgCC (aged 8-17 years, 32% and 63% with complex AgCC | 5…”

Section: Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42 Poor verbal fluency and cognitive switching have also been reported in several studies. 7,32,33,40 Moutard et al 19 reported all children with isolated AgCC in their sample (followed-up at age 10 years) experienced difficulties on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, with 50% demonstrating severe impairment on this measure of visuo-construction ability, visual memory, and executive planning. 43 In sum, the executive difficulties found in fluency, planning, inhibition, flexibility, and processing speed may all stem from the core deficits outlined by Brown et al 3 Other cognitive/sensory difficulties Difficulties on other measures, not necessarily accounted for by the proposed syndrome were also identified.…”

Section: Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropsychological profiles of children with agenesis of the corpus callosum: A scoping review

Wright

Booth

2023

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Aim: To understand the wide variety of clinical outcomes in children with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and examine evidence for the proposed neuropsychological syndrome reported in adults with primary AgCC. Method: PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science (January 2007-November 2021) were searched to identify studies reporting on cognitive or neuropsychological outcome in children with AgCC aged up to 18 years. Twentythree articles investigating the cognitive profile were found; their methodology was evaluated against quality criteria. Results: While there was a high degree of heterogeneity across studies, including the methodological quality, there was evidence for some features of the neuropsychological syndrome in children with AgCC. Vulnerabilities in executive function and social cognition were found, with particular difficulties on complex and novel tasks. Interpretation: Data on the neuropsychological outcomes in children with AgCC are limited. Broad assessments are necessary to determine the extent to which core features of the neuropsychological syndrome may characterize children with AgCC and how additional neuroanatomical features contribute to outcome.

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Agenesis of the corpus callosum: What to tell expecting parents?

Tsai,

Shinar

2023

Prenatal Diagnosis

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Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most common brain malformations, with an incidence estimated to range from 0.5 to 70 in 10,000 among the general population. Prenatal diagnosis is made via ultrasound; however, fetal MRI is useful to confirm or exclude the presence of associated cerebral abnormalities–mostly cortical malformations–that may affect postnatal prognosis. When no additional central nervous system (CNS) or extra CNS anomalies are identified and no genetic cause is found, an isolated ACC is diagnosed. Overall, in cases of ACC, an underlying genetic cause can be identified in up to 12.5% with chromosomal microarray (CMA) and up to 47% with whole exome sequencing (WES). In cases where ACC is the only anomaly detected, the yield of WES is 30%. Postnatal outcomes are variable and depend on whether the condition is isolated or not. In truly isolated ACC, outcomes range from normal in 65% of cases through mild to severe neurodevelopmental impairments in 35% of cases. An interdisciplinary team of medical experts is key in guiding parents toward informed decision‐making in pregnancies complicated by ACC. Considering current and expected advancements in genetic testing and imaging technologies in upcoming years, we herein summarize current recommendations for the management and prenatal counseling of expecting parents of fetuses with ACC. Our review pertains primarily to expecting parents of fetuses with complete ACC.

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Intra- and inter-hemispheric structural connectome in agenesis of the corpus callosum

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Disrupted structural connectivity and less efficient network system in patients with the treatment-naive adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Disrupted structural connectivity and less efficient network system in patients with the treatment-naive adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Neuropsychological profiles of children with agenesis of the corpus callosum: A scoping review

Agenesis of the corpus callosum: What to tell expecting parents?

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