Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of direct facial soft tissue measurements using digital calipers

Mollov, Nikolay; Bósio, José A.; Pruszynski, Jessica; Wirtz, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2012.10.002

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have investigated the inter-and intraexaminer reliability of facial measurements taken with digital calipers. 7 Intra-examiner reliability was found to be high for all measurements while interexaminer reliability varied, with some landmarks reliable (nasal width at widest nostril and subnasale to upper lip), and others unreliable (base of nose, mouth height, and soft tissue B point to gnathion). This was attributed to the variability in the ease of identification of certain facial landmarks over others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…5 Traditionally, soft tissue analysis has been performed using 2D images, lateral cephalograms and callipers for direct anthropometry. 6,7 With the introduction of high accuracy 3D images, these analyses and measurements can potentially be performed with greater precision. 8 Additionally, there is potential for 3D imaging to provide enough diagnostic information to parallel lateral cephalograms, which could, in time, reduce the need for radiation exposure to patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The accuracy (trueness and precision) of Bellus3DARC-7 and an in-vivo analysis of intra and inter-examiner reliability of digital and manual anthropometry

Doan,

Finlay,

Lee

et al. 2023

Australasian Orthodontic Journal

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Background Three dimensional (3D) facial imaging is becoming a popular method of facial analysis and a means of anthropometry. There is potential for 3D imaging to provide enough diagnostic information to parallel lateral cephalograms, which could, in time, reduce the need for radiation exposure to patients. The present study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Bellus3D ARC-7 (Bellus) camera by comparing the measurements of soft tissue facial landmarks obtained from Bellus scans to the measurements taken using Vernier callipers. Method Nineteen anatomical points were located on four subjects using a standard black ballpoint pen on a white, circular sticker. Distances were measured between these points using digital callipers, with the subject in a resting pose. This was repeated twice by two examiners for each subject. Two examiners subsequently performed measurements of each subject in a smiling pose. Following landmark identification, images were captured under standard conditions, using the Bellus camera. The same measurements were obtained digitally, repeated twice by two examiners for each subject in both resting and smiling poses. Results There was high precision in repeated measurements on the digital models, with less than 1.5 mm deviation between measurements. Both intra-examiner and inter-examiner reproducibility were greater following the digital measurements compared to manual measurements, with 100% of the digital measurements of landmarks falling within a set threshold deviation of ≤1.5 mm. When comparing the manual and digital measurements, the greatest deviations (>1.0 mm) occurred in regions around the cheeks and lower third of the face, while the measurements for the ears and midline structures (forehead and nose bridge) deviated the least (≤1.0 mm). This was demonstrated in models at rest and smiling. Conclusions The Bellus system produced an accurate and true image of the face from which reproducible measurements can be made within and between examiners. 3D facial images from the Bellus3D ARC-7 system were comparable to direct anthropometry, therefore the use of 3D facial scanning in orthodontics for diagnosis and treatment planning appears promising.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy (trueness and precision) of Bellus3DARC-7 and an in-vivo analysis of intra and inter-examiner reliability of digital and manual anthropometry

Doan,

Finlay,

Lee

et al. 2023

Australasian Orthodontic Journal

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Relationship between maxillary central incisor proportions and facial proportions

Radia

Sherriff

McDonald

et al. 2016

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

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Men had larger teeth and faces but similar width:height ratios. There was no significant size difference between right and left MCI, little individual relationship between tooth:face proportions, and insignificant sex influence. The "biometric ratio"' of 1:16 for MCI:bizygomatic width was not reconfirmed exactly. A ratio of 1:18 is proposed for MCI height to total face height (Tr-Me') and 1:12 for face height (N'-Me').

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Evaluation of orthodontics for treating temporo-mandibular joint disorders using a stereo camera

Yun¹,

Park²,

Chung³

et al. 2015

The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and

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TMJ(TemporoMandibular Joint) is considered as the most important articulation in human body for maintaining the balance. Thus it is one of the main treatment areas in Chiropractic. Instead of Chiropractic treatment, NOSICK, a TMJ balancing device, can be used. As there is no such device to quantify the effect of NOSICK, a system was developed to measure the effect of NOSICK. This system is composed of stereo vision, infrared lights, and infrared through filter, etc. It requires optical markers for the measurement. 8 land markers were selected from the face which will show different displacement as NOSICK is applied. 11 test subjects were measured with the system developed with and without NOSICK applied. Quantifiable displacement of markers before and after applying NOSICK was successfully measured with the system developed.

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Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of direct facial soft tissue measurements using digital calipers

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

The accuracy (trueness and precision) of Bellus3DARC-7 and an in-vivo analysis of intra and inter-examiner reliability of digital and manual anthropometry

The accuracy (trueness and precision) of Bellus3DARC-7 and an in-vivo analysis of intra and inter-examiner reliability of digital and manual anthropometry

Relationship between maxillary central incisor proportions and facial proportions

Evaluation of orthodontics for treating temporo-mandibular joint disorders using a stereo camera

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