Intoxication of 76 Children by Chlorine Gas

Fleta, Jesús; Calvo, C; Zúñiga, José Agustín González; Castellano, MA; Bueno, Manuel

doi:10.1177/096032718600500205

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The criteria for administration of treatment are not clear and thus the efficacy of treatment cannot be ascertained. 8 Similar limitations apply to a report of 13 children presenting to an accident and emergency department following exposure to chlorine at a swimming pool. Again, treatment regimes varied, with all receiving humidified oxygen and a bronchodilator, with four receiving methylprednisone.…”

Section: Chlorinementioning

confidence: 94%

Clinical management of casualties exposed to lung damaging agents: a critical review

Russell

Blaine²,

Rice

2006

Emergency Medicine Journal

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Section: Chlorinementioning

confidence: 94%

Clinical management of casualties exposed to lung damaging agents: a critical review

Russell

Blaine²,

Rice

2006

Emergency Medicine Journal

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“…Steroids were thought to be effective in reducing inflammation secondary to irritant effects of phosgene gas, but corticosteroids have not been proved to be beneficial. However, anecdotal reports of systemic corticosteroid use in humans with chlorine exposure was found effective,[2021] had encouraged us to try them in anticipation of benefit. Specific treatments have been studied in the past such as use of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) and NAC.…”

Section: Case Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidental phosgene gas exposure: A review with background study of 10 cases

Vaish

Consul

Aujayeb

et al. 2013

J Emerg Trauma Shock

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Here, authors present a review on clinical presentation and management of exposure of phosgene gas after reviewing the literature by searching with keywords phosgene exposure on Google, Cochrane, Embase and PubMed with a background of experience gained from 10 patients who were admitted to our institute after an accidental phosgene exposure in February 2011 nearby a city in India. Phosgene is a highly toxic gas, occupational workers may have accidental exposure. The gas can also be generated inadvertently during fire involving plastics and other chemicals and solvents containing chlorine, which is of concern to emergency responders. Phosgene inhalation may cause initially symptoms of respiratory tract irritation, patients feel fine thereafter, and then die of choking a day later because of build up of fluid in the lungs (delayed onset non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema). Phosgene exposure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with a history of exposure should be admitted to the hospital for a minimum of 24 h for observation because of the potential for delayed onset respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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“…The respiratory system is the most adversely affected of all organ systems by chlorine gas exposure [11] and complications are generally immediate with severe exposure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, pneumomediastinum and death [1,8,[12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors classified the patients into 3 groups according to clinical and laboratory findings based on the literature [1,8,[12][13][14]16] and duration of land of stay in the ED. First group was not affected at all or slightly exposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidental Chlorine Gas Intoxication: Evaluation of 39 Patients

et al. 2009

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BackgroundChlorine is a known pulmonary irritant gas that may cause acute damage in the respiratory system. In this paper, the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of 39 accidentally exposed patients to chlorine gas are reported and different emergency treatment modalities are also discussed.MethodsTwo emergency departments applications were retrospectively analyzed for evaluation of accidental chlorine gas exposure for year 2007. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to severity of clinical and laboratory findings based on the literature and duration of land of stay in the emergency department. The first group was slightly exposed (discharged within 6 hours), second group moderately exposed (treated and observed for 24 hours), and third group was severely exposed (hospitalized). Most of the patients were initially treated with a combination of humidified oxygen, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators.ResultsThe average age was 17.03 ± 16.01 years (95% CI). Seven (17.9%) of them were female and 29 (74.4%) were children. Twenty-four patients (61.5%) were included in the first, nine (23.1%) were in second and six (15.4%) were in the third group. The presenting symptoms were cough, nausea, and vomiting and conjunctiva hyperemia for the first group, first groups symptoms plus dyspnea for the second group. Second groups symptoms plus palpitation, weakness and chest tightness were for the third group. Cough and dyspnea were seen in 64.1% and 30.8% of the patients respectively. No patients died.ConclusionsThe authors recommend that non symptomatic or slightly exposed patients do not need any specific treatment or symptomatic treatment is sufficient.KeywordsAccidental; Chlorine exposure; Chlorine gas; Chlorine intoxication; Emergency department

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Intoxication of 76 Children by Chlorine Gas

Abstract: A collective intoxication with chlorine gas in 76 children (21 males, 55 females; the median age was 9.9 years) is reported. They were treated with a combination of oxygen gas (02) and corticosteroids until the symptoms disappeared.

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Clinical management of casualties exposed to lung damaging agents: a critical review

Clinical management of casualties exposed to lung damaging agents: a critical review

Accidental phosgene gas exposure: A review with background study of 10 cases

Accidental Chlorine Gas Intoxication: Evaluation of 39 Patients

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