Intoxication aiguë par arme chimique vésicante : l'ypérite

Mérat, Stéphane; Pérez, Jean-Philippe; Rüttimann, M.; Bordier, Emmanuel; Lienhard, Andreas; Lenoir, B.; Pats, B.

doi:10.1016/s0750-7658(02)00860-2

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…GCMC simulation confirms the extremely low water adsorption in the selected hydrophobic MOFs, with less than 0.1 mol·kg –1 in almost all structures; it also confirms the goodness of the Widom approach and its applicability on fast preselection screening while ensuring minimized competitive water adsorption even at high humidity (RH = 80%). We continued with the GCMC simulation of mustard gas (at 13.8 Pa) − and nerve agents (at 0.6 Pa), , according to the reported median lethal concentration–time product (LCt 50 ) at respiratory level for these molecules. Figure shows the loading capacity of mustard gas, sarin, and soman as a function of the CWA/water Widom selectivity and surface area; SI Figure S7 shows the loading capacity of mustard gas, sarin, and soman as a function of the LCD and Q st .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of an Optimal Porous Crystalline Material for the Capture of Chemical Warfare Agents

Matito-Martos

Moghadam

et al. 2018

Chem. Mater.

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Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are regarded as a critical challenge in our society. Here, we use a high-throughput computational screening strategy backed up by experimental validation to identify and synthesize a promising porous material for CWA removal under humid conditions. Starting with a database of 2,932 existing metal–organic framework (MOF) structures, we selected those possessing cavities big enough to adsorb well-known CWAs such as sarin, soman, and mustard gas as well as their nontoxic simulants. We used Widom method to reduce significantly the simulation time of water adsorption, allowing us to shortlist 156 hydrophobic MOFs where water will not compete with the CWAs to get adsorbed. We then moved to grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations to assess the removal capacity of CWAs. We selected the best candidates in terms of performance but also in terms of chemical stability and moved to synthesis and experimental breakthrough adsorption to probe the predicted, excellent performance. This computational-experimental work represents a fast and efficient approach to screen porous materials in applications that involve the presence of moisture.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of an Optimal Porous Crystalline Material for the Capture of Chemical Warfare Agents

Matito-Martos

Moghadam

et al. 2018

Chem. Mater.

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“…After exposure to CWA, priority must be given to providing care to the contaminated persons, as CWA's effects on organism are severe, and quickly observable (within minutes for vapour exposure to nerve agents) except for insidious chemicals like SM and the low volatility organophosphate VX whose effects may arise a few hours after exposure . It is thus necessary to develop markers of exposure that can be quickly analyzed in order to help rescue teams identify contaminated victims and prioritize decontamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SM is an alkylating agent and a rather volatile compound (vapour pressure = 0.11 mmHg at 25°C). With a high contaminating power and a long persistence on surfaces, impregnation is very quick, and skin absorption is almost immediate . Principal physical and chemical characteristics of SM are resumed in Table (inspired by Bartelt‐Hunt et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Median lethal concentration‐time product ( LCt 50 ) at respiratory level for SM was determined from on‐field observations and animal experimentations to range from 900 to 1500 mg.min.m ‐3 . Concerning its incapacitating thresholds, it has been reported that first ocular, cutaneous and respiratory symptoms occur at 12–70, 50 and 100–500 mg.min.m ‐3 , respectively …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair analysis as a useful procedure for detection of vapour exposure to chemical warfare agents: simulation of sulphur mustard with methyl salicylate

Spiandore

Piram

Lacoste³

et al. 2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

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a Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are highly toxic compounds which have been produced to kill or hurt people during conflicts or terrorist attacks. Despite the fact that their use is strictly prohibited according to international convention, populations' exposure still recently occurred. Development of markers of exposure to CWA is necessary to distinguish exposed victims from unexposed ones. We present the first study of hair usage as passive sampler to assess contamination by chemicals in vapour form. This work presents more particularly the hair adsorption capacity for methyl salicylate used as a surrogate of the vesicant sulphur mustard. Chemical vapours toxicity through the respiratory route has historically been defined through Haber's law's concentration-time (Ct) product, and vapour exposure of hair to methyl salicylate was conducted with various times or doses of exposure in the range of incapacitating and lethal Ct products corresponding to sulphur mustard. Following exposure, extraction of methyl salicylate from hair was conducted by simple soaking in dichloromethane. Methyl salicylate could be detected on hair for vapour concentration corresponding to about one fifth of the sulphur mustard concentration that would kill 50% of exposed individuals (LCt50). The amount of methyl salicylate recovered from hair increased with time or dose of exposure. It showed a good correlation with the concentration-time product, suggesting that hair could be used like a passive sampler to assess vapour exposure to chemical compounds. It introduces great perspectives concerning the use of hair as a marker of exposure to CWA.

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Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Mustard Compounds

Ghorani‐Azam

Balali‐Mood

2015

Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Mustard Compounds

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Intoxication aiguë par arme chimique vésicante : l'ypérite

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Discovery of an Optimal Porous Crystalline Material for the Capture of Chemical Warfare Agents

Discovery of an Optimal Porous Crystalline Material for the Capture of Chemical Warfare Agents

Hair analysis as a useful procedure for detection of vapour exposure to chemical warfare agents: simulation of sulphur mustard with methyl salicylate

Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Mustard Compounds

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