Intonation and Gender Perception: Applications for Transgender Speakers

Hancock, Adrienne B.; Colton, Lindsey; Douglas, Fiacre

doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.08.009

Cited by 95 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Voices that are perceived as feminine have a higher fundamental frequency than voices perceived as masculine, but there are other differences. Voices perceived as feminine are also characterized by more precise articulation, increased breathiness, more dynamic frequency changes, and prevalence of upward intonation . Also, the feminine voice is articulated more gently .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Voices perceived as feminine are also characterized by more precise articulation, increased breathiness, more dynamic frequency changes, and prevalence of upward intonation. 1,2 Also, the feminine voice is articulated more gently. 3 Still, in multiple studies, the primary predictor for an observer to judge a voice as feminine was fundamental frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ex vivo porcine model of the anterior glottoplasty for voice feminization surgery

Rohlfing

Kuperstock

Friedman³

et al. 2019

The Laryngoscope

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Objective Perceived gender identity is correctly assigned when a combination of physical and vocal attributes become congruent. Several voice feminization procedures have gained popularity, but current evidence of their impact on vocal feminization is limited to case series. This study establishes an ex vivo porcine phonatory model to evaluate the ideal extent of anterior glottic web formation in relation to frequency elevation and airway patency. Methods Six fresh porcine larynges were obtained and fitted with arytenoid adduction sutures. Compressed air was passed through the larynges, and the vocal folds were adducted to induce phonation. Vocal fold length, posterior glottic width, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure intensity were measured as the vocal folds were progressively shortened as per the anterior glottic web surgical technique. Results The average fundamental frequency prior to web formation was 109.7 Hz. The maximum frequency achieved after web formation was 403.7 Hz, and the web proportions varied from 11.8% to 61.0% of the length of the membranous vocal folds. The glottic cross‐sectional area showed an expected inverse linear relationship to the length of the glottic web. Creation of an anterior glottic web caused consistent elevation of pitch, but there was a gradual plateau of effect with increased length of the web. Conclusion The ex vivo porcine larynx is demonstrated as an effective, available, and low‐cost model for further study of vocal pitch elevation surgical techniques. We demonstrate that in addition to progressively reducing the cross‐sectional area of the airway, additional benefit from increased web length is limited. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 130:E206–E212, 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ex vivo porcine model of the anterior glottoplasty for voice feminization surgery

Rohlfing

Kuperstock

Friedman³

et al. 2019

The Laryngoscope

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some MTF transgender talkers were perceived as male/masculine, others as female/feminine, and some with ambiguously perceived gender . Research with female‐to‐male transgender individuals has demonstrated similar findings in which talkers were not always perceived as unambiguously male or female in femininity/masculinity rating tasks . In these tasks, listeners employed a large range of the scale and did not appear to be biased toward the end points.…”

Section: Categorizing Classifyingand Rating Across‐talker Charactermentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In both identification tasks and rating tasks using a scale from ‘masculine male’ to ‘feminine female’ with the center of the scale labeled ‘feminine male/masculine female,’ male‐to‐female (MTF) transgender talkers varied widely in how listeners perceived their gender and femininity. Some MTF transgender talkers were perceived as male/masculine, others as female/feminine, and some with ambiguously perceived gender . Research with female‐to‐male transgender individuals has demonstrated similar findings in which talkers were not always perceived as unambiguously male or female in femininity/masculinity rating tasks .…”

Section: Categorizing Classifyingand Rating Across‐talker Charactermentioning

confidence: 84%

Representation of speech variability

Bent

Holt

2017

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Speech signals provide both linguistic information (e.g., words and sentences) as well as information about the speaker who produced the message (i.e., social-indexical information). Listeners store highly detailed representations of these speech signals, which are simultaneously indexed with linguistic and social category membership. A variety of methodologies-forced-choice categorization, rating, and free classification-have shed light on listeners' cognitive-perceptual representations of the social-indexical information present in the speech signal. Specifically, listeners can accurately identify some talker characteristics, including native language status, approximate age, sex, and gender. Additionally, listeners have sensitivity to other speaker characteristics-such as sexual orientation, regional dialect, native language for non-native speakers, race, and ethnicity-but listeners tend to be less accurate or more variable at categorizing or rating speakers based on these constructs. However, studies have not necessarily incorporated more recent conceptions of these constructs (e.g., separating listeners' perceptions of race vs ethnicity) or speakers who do not fit squarely into specific categories (e.g., for sex perception, intersex individuals; for gender perception, genderqueer speakers; for race perception, multiracial speakers). Additional research on how the intersections of social-indexical categories influence speech perception is also needed. As the field moves forward, scholars from a variety of disciplines should be incorporated into investigations of how listeners' extract and represent facets of personal identity from speech. Further, the impact of these representations on our interactions with one another in contexts outside of the laboratory should continue to be explored. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1434. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1434 This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language Acquisition Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Psychology > Language.

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“…Despite the fact that f0 is important to define gender, individual voice satisfaction is not necessarily related to f0 because the pitch is influenced by characteristics of the vocal filter. In addition, standard of intonation, articulation, resonance, speech speed, prolongation of vowels, and vocal psychodynamic also are markers of gender …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%