2013
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21965
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Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Common Factor in the Treatment of Emotional Disorders

Abstract: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a characteristic predominantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); however, emerging evidence indicates that IU may be a shared element of emotional disorders. Aims This study aimed to examine IU across diagnostic categories, change in IU during transdiagnostic treatment, and the relationship between change in IU and treatment outcome. Method Patients diagnosed with heterogeneous anxiety and depressive disorders received up to 18 weeks of a transdiagnostic … Show more

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Cited by 351 publications
(232 citation statements)
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“…For example, uncertainty about catastrophic consequences of physical symptoms in panic disorder may differ from uncertainty about social evaluative cues in social anxiety disorder. Thus, the nature of uncertainty may differ between emotional disorders and IU may manifest differently based on contextual factors (Boswell, Thompson-Hollands, Farchione, & Barlow, 2013;Carleton, 2016;Mahoney & McEvoy, 2012c). State IU can be considered as any instance of heightened negative affect in response to an uncertain stimulus, which may or may not co-occur with high trait IU or occur within the context of emotional disorders.…”
Section: What Uncertainties Remain?mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…For example, uncertainty about catastrophic consequences of physical symptoms in panic disorder may differ from uncertainty about social evaluative cues in social anxiety disorder. Thus, the nature of uncertainty may differ between emotional disorders and IU may manifest differently based on contextual factors (Boswell, Thompson-Hollands, Farchione, & Barlow, 2013;Carleton, 2016;Mahoney & McEvoy, 2012c). State IU can be considered as any instance of heightened negative affect in response to an uncertain stimulus, which may or may not co-occur with high trait IU or occur within the context of emotional disorders.…”
Section: What Uncertainties Remain?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Research has also examined other cognitive-behavioral interventions that do not specifically target IU, but nonetheless have shown a reduction in IU and symptoms of social anxiety (Hewitt, Egan, & Rees, 2009;Mahoney & McEvoy, 2012b), health anxiety (Langlois & Ladouceur, 2004), anxiety and depressive disorders (Bomyea et al, 2015), delivered as individual and group transdiagnostic interventions (Boswell et al, 2013; Abramowitz and Arch (2014) made a compelling argument that exposure-driven cognitive-behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder may benefit from strengthening inhibitory learning of nonthreatening associations (e.g., uncertainty is intolerable), such that uncertainty becomes increasingly acceptable as normal across contexts. Abramowitz and Arch (2014) suggest treatment should emphasize tolerating uncertainty through exposure, which may strengthen inhibitory associations.…”
Section: What Is Known?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Uncertainty occurs when some aspect of a threat is poorly defined. While anxiety can be described in numerous ways, exacerbated responses to low probability or otherwise uncertain negative events is a distinguishing clinical symptom in anxiety disorders 1,2 . Furthermore, increased anxiety related physiological responding during uncertain threat of shock versus fear related physiological responding during certain threat of shock in laboratory tasks may provide a physiological marker for anxiety disorders 3 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IU has been associated with several anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]; Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur, & Freeston, 1998;Tolin, Abramowitz, Brigidi, & Foa, 2003) and depression (Carleton et al, 2012), and treatments targeting IU reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression (Robichaud, 2013;van der Heiden, Muris, & van der Molen, 2012). These findings have led several researchers to suggest that IU constitutes a transdiagnostic mechanism of emotional disorders (Boswell, Thompson-Hollands, Farchione, & Barlow, 2013;. The present study also examined whether individual differences in IU were associated with the RewP and behavioral adjustment during the unpredictable and predictable contexts.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%