Intimate Relations: Kinship and the Economics of Shore Whaling in Southern New Zealand, 1820–1860

Stevens, Kate; Wanhalla, Angela

doi:10.1080/00223344.2017.1366820

Cited by 8 publications

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“…During the whaling era, large numbers of Pacific peoples relocated from villages to harbor settlements for trade and employment opportunities, and Pacific men were often recruited as crew on whaling ships accounting for up to one-fifth of European whaling crews (Chappell, 1997;Fischer, 2013). Intermarriage also played a central role in industry establishment and success in both the Canadian fur trade and New Zealand whaling (Stevens and Wanhalla, 2017). Such interactions would have established strong social ties conducive for the dispersal of Mtb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Driven by Historical European Trade in the South Pacific

et al. 2019

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a globally distributed bacterial pathogen whose population structure has largely been shaped by the activities of its obligate human host. Oceania was the last major global region to be reached by Europeans and is the last region for which the dispersal and evolution of Mtb remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of the Euro-American L4.4 sublineage and its dispersal to the South Pacific. Using a phylodynamics approach and a dataset of 236 global Mtb L4.4 genomes we have traced the origins and dispersal of L4.4 strains to New Zealand. These strains are predominantly found in indigenous Māori and Pacific people and we identify a clade of European, likely French, origin that is prevalent in indigenous populations in both New Zealand and Canada. Molecular dating suggests the expansion of European trade networks in the early 19th century drove the dispersal of this clade to the South Pacific. We also identify historical and social factors within the region that have contributed to the local spread and expansion of these strains, including recent Pacific migrations to New Zealand and the rapid urbanization of Māori in the 20th century. Our results offer new insight into the expansion and dispersal of Mtb in the South Pacific and provide a striking example of the role of historical European migrations in the global dispersal of Mtb.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Driven by Historical European Trade in the South Pacific

et al. 2019

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“…These families had intitially existed within a Ngāi Tahu world, speaking te reo as lingua franca and respecting the importance of whakapapa and related rights and obligations. Even as the decline of whaling, increased land alienation and the arrival of colonial officials reshaped the economic and political landscape, m Many families remained well-connected with their Ngāi Tahu relations (Stevens, 2008;Stevens and Wanhalla, 2017): they supported the applications of kin; argued that their fathers were respectable settlers; and in their selections of land demonstrated their participation in Ngāi Tahu communities. Many Ngāi Tahu and mixed descent families felt similarly the negative effects of settler colonialism, and used their relationships and networks in their attempts to improve their economic circumstances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 This was the established pattern in southern New Zealand as Ngāi Tahu politician H.K. Taiaroa pointed out in 1876: many mixed race children were, he stated, 'living with, and had been brought up by, their Native mothers' (Anderson, 1990;Stevens and Wanhalla, 2017). 13 Nevertheless, public debate about 'half-caste' children centred on claims that marriages of an 'irregular' nature were fragile, and children of these couples were at greater risk of being 'abandoned'.…”

Section: Intermarriage Mixed-race Children and Racial Amalgamationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Island and that 'we all wish to have them in one bay', where they spent seven months a year oystering together. 52 Clearly those of mixed ancestry continued to maintain not only the kinship connections, but also the socio-economic networks that had been established during the earlier whaling era (Stevens and Wanhalla, 2017). Engagement in the half-caste land claims process was one which both illustrated and reinforced the sense of community and identity that existed between mixed descent families and Ngāi Tahu in the southern regions.…”

Section: Thomas Gilroy Informed Mackay On Behalf Of Eleven Others Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A ‘class of no political weight’? Interracial Marriage, Mixed Race Children and Land Rights in Southern New Zealand, 1840s-1880s

Wanhalla

Stevens

2019

The History of the Family

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Interracial marriage was a defining feature of interaction between local Ngāi Tahu and newcomers in southern New Zealand from the early nineteenth century. Scholarship has explored the importance of such relationships to development of New Zealand's early resource-based economies and to colonial assimilation policies. However, the experiences of cross-cultural households and families in colonial New Zealand are less well documented. Using a body of writing produced by white fathers and their mixed race children in response to land claims investigations in the mid-nineteenth century, this article explores the political, economic and social world of interracial families in southern New Zealand. The correspondence over land rights reveals the ongoing importance of kinship ties through generations as colonial expansion impinged on these communities. Through petitioning and letter writing, fathers and children contested what marriage and family meant and strategically asserted their individual and collective identity in the face of increasing land dispossession and economic hardship.

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“…As with the Canadian fur trade, commercial success of the whaling industry depended on establishing productive social and economic relationships with the local people. Intermarriage played a central role in industry establishment and success in both the Canadian fur trade and South Pacific whaling [38]. During the whaling era, large numbers of Polynesians relocated from villages to harbour settlements for trade and employment opportunities, Polynesian men were often recruited as crew on whaling ships accounting for up to one-fifth of European whaling crews [24, 33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal ofMycobacterium tuberculosisto indigenous populations driven by historical European trade in the South Pacific

Shockey

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineage 4 (L4), also known as the "Euro-American" 28 lineage, is the most widely dispersed of the seven human adapted lineages. L4 is comprised of ten 29 sublineages including L4.4, which has a moderate global distribution and is the most common L4 30 sublineage in New Zealand. We have used a phylodynamics approach and a dataset of 236 global 31 M. tuberculosis genomes to trace the origins and dispersal of L4.4 strains in New Zealand that are 32 predominantly found in Māori and Pacific people. We identify an L4.4.1.1 sublineage clade of 33 European origin, likely French, that is prevalent in indigenous populations in both New Zealand and 34 Canada. Molecular dating suggests that expansion of European trade networks in the early 19th 35 century led to dispersal of this clade to the South Pacific. We also identify historical and social factors 36 within the region that have contributed to the local spread and expansion of these strains, including 37 recent Pacific migrations to New Zealand and the rapid urbanization of Māori in the 20th century. Our 38 results offer new insight into the dispersal of M. tuberculosis in the South Pacific region and provide 39 a striking example of the role of historical European migrations in the dispersal of M. tuberculosis. 40 41 Author Summary 42 Tuberculosis kills more people worldwide than any other infectious disease and indigenous 43 populations are disproportionately affected by the disease. Here, we have used a large global dataset 44 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial genomes to trace the historical origins of tuberculosis strains 45 in New Zealand that are most frequently found in Māori and Pacific people. These strains are locally 46 known as the 'Rangipo' and 'Otara' strains (both Māori place names) and belong to the 47 "Euro-American" lineage of M. tuberculosis. Via genome analysis, we find that these strains are 48 closely related to M. tuberculosis strains found in indigenous populations in Canada that have a 49 European origin. We used a molecular dating approach (a molecular clock) to infer the ages of these 50 strains and date divergence events. The timing we infer corresponds to the introduction of these strains 3 51 to Polynesia via expanding European trade networks in the South Pacific in the early 19th century and 52 suggests that the Otara strain has migrated to New Zealand from the Pacific Islands multiple times. 53 Our results provide insight into human social phenomena underlying the expansion and dispersal of 54 M. tuberculosis and reassert the important role of European colonial migrations in the global dispersal 55 of the M. tuberculosis Euro-American lineage. This work also highlights the pejorative and 56 stigmatizing mislabelling of the New Zealand strains with indigenous Māori place names, suggesting 57 that these strains should be renamed. 58 59 Introduction 60 Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and 61 other members of the Mtb complex (MTBC). TB kills m...

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Intimate Relations: Kinship and the Economics of Shore Whaling in Southern New Zealand, 1820–1860

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Driven by Historical European Trade in the South Pacific

Dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Driven by Historical European Trade in the South Pacific

A ‘class of no political weight’? Interracial Marriage, Mixed Race Children and Land Rights in Southern New Zealand, 1840s-1880s

Dispersal ofMycobacterium tuberculosisto indigenous populations driven by historical European trade in the South Pacific

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