Intimate Partner Violence and Women’s Economic and Non-Economic Activities in Minya, Egypt

Yount, Kathryn M.; Zureick-Brown, Sarah; Salem, Rania

doi:10.1007/s13524-014-0285-x

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This approach corroborates the work of others (e.g. Agarwala and Lynch 2006; Sandberg and Rafail 2013) and our own (Yount et al 2014) using questions on the justification of violence against wives to measure dimensions of women’s agency or related constructs. After removing one item with a significant cross-loading on a second factor (FM_01), we chose a final, 15-item, three-factor model over other factor models based on factor loadings, model fit indices (RMSEA close to 0.060 or less; CFI close to 0.950 or greater; TLI close to 0.950 or greater) (Brown 2006; Harrington 2008), and theoretical interpretation.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Measurement of Women’s Agency in Egypt: A National Validation Study

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite widespread assumptions about women’s empowerment and agency in the Arab Middle East, psychometric research of these constructs is limited. Using national data from 6214 married women ages 16–49 who took part in the 2006 Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey, we applied factor analysis to explore and then to test the factor structure of women’s agency. We then used multiple indicator multiple cause structural equations models to test for differential item functioning (DIF) by women’s age at first marriage, a potential resource for women’s agency. Our results confirm that women’s agency in Egypt is multi-dimensional and comprised of their (1) influence in family decisions, including those reserved for men, (2) freedom of movement in public spaces, and (3) attitudes about gender, specifically violence against wives. These dimensions confirm those explored previously in selected rural areas of Egypt and South Asia. Yet, three items showed significant uniform DIF by women’s categorical age at first marriage, with and without a control for women’s age in years. Models adjusting for DIF and women’s age in years showed that women’s older age at first marriage was positively associated with the factor means for family decision-making and gender-violence attitudes, but not freedom of movement. Our findings reveal the value of our analytical strategy for research on the dimensions and determinants of women’s agency. Our approach offers a promising model to discern “hierarchies of evidence” for social policies and programs to enhance women’s empowerment.

show abstract

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Measurement of Women’s Agency in Egypt: A National Validation Study

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although some women in our sample did cling to customary feminine roles for women in accordance with notions of latent power, the majority felt that it was important for women to ensure their future security by becoming financially independent from their husbands, as has been found by scholars in contexts such as Arab women in Israel and Egypt (Yount, Zureick-Brown, & Salem, 2014;El Saadawi, 2007;Moghadam, 2013). Women's perspectives on financial independence as necessary suggest that, at least in Qatar, younger women may be changing their views about "good womanhood," and thus, are moving away from adhering to the neo-patriarchal bargain.…”

Section: Williams Et Al 2013)mentioning

confidence: 74%

The Patriarchal Bargain in a Context of Rapid Changes to Normative Gender Roles: Young Arab Women’s Role Conflict in Qatar

James‐Hawkins

Qutteina

2016

Sex Roles

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

THE PATRIARCHAL BARGAIN 2Social norms in patriarchal countries in the Middle East are changing at differing rates. In Qatar, expectations about education have shifted, and women's participation in higher education is normative. However, women's participation in the workforce remains relatively low, and women still are expected to perform all household and child-rearing activities. Interviews with 27 18-25 year-old Qatari women enrolled in college in Qatar are used to illustrate the conflict between norms about education, workforce, and family. Many young women resolve this normative conflict by giving preference to family over work and education. Other women hold conflicting norms and goals for their future without acknowledging the normative conflict. Overall, young women in this sample feared divorce, were uncertain about customary family safety nets, and thus desired financial independence so they would be able to support themselves if they are left alone later in life due to divorce, or the death of their husband. The Qatari government should revisit the appropriateness of continuing to emphasize the patriarchal family structure and socially conservative family norms, if they desire to advance women in their society.

show abstract

“…A survey effect based on the difference in sampling methodologies across the two studies is the likely explanation for the discrepancy in reported IPV. General population-based surveys, such as the PNS, show lower reporting of violence as compared to VAW-specific surveys like the WHO MCS [22]. Additionally, the methodological differences between the WHO MCS-Brazil and the PNS, as well as a limited sample size based on gender, contribute to this discrepancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the Maria da Penha Law and intimate partner violence in two Brazilian states

Gattegno

Wilkins

Evans

2016

Int J Equity Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundGlobally, inequality between men and women manifests in a variety of ways. In particular, gender inequality increases the risk of perpetration of violence against women (VAW), especially intimate partner violence (IPV), by males. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 35 % of women have experienced physical, psychological and/or sexual IPV at least once in their lives, making IPV unacceptably common. In 2006, the Maria da Penha Law on Domestic and Family Violence, became the first federal law to regulate VAW and punish perpetrators in Brazil. This study examines the relationship between Brazilian VAW legislation and male perpetration of VAW by comparing reported prevalence of IPV before and after the enactment of the Maria da Penha Law.MethodsTo assess changes in magnitude of IPV before and after the law, we used data from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey; we replicated the analyses conducted for the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women-whose data were collected before the passage of the Maria da Penha Law. We compare findings from the two studies.ResultsOur analyses show an increase in the reported prevalence of physical violence, and a decrease in the reported prevalence of sexual and psychological violence. The increase may result from an actual increase in physical violence, increased awareness and reporting of physical violence, or a combination of both factors. Additionally, our analysis revealed that in the urban setting of São Paulo, physical violence was more likely to be severe and occur in the home; meanwhile, in the rural state of Pernambuco, physical violence was more likely to be moderate in nature and occur in public.ConclusionThe Maria da Penha Law increased attention and resources for VAW response and prevention; however, its true impact remains unmeasured. Our data suggest a need for regular, systematic collection of comparable population-based data to accurately estimate the true prevalence of IPV in Brazil. Furthermore, such data may inform policy and program planning to address specific needs across diverse settings including rural and urban communities. If routinely collected over time, such data can be used to develop policies and programs that address all forms of IPV, as well as evidence-based programs that address the social and cultural norms that support other forms of VAW and gender inequality.

show abstract

Intimate Partner Violence and Women’s Economic and Non-Economic Activities in Minya, Egypt

Cited by 35 publications

References 70 publications

Measurement of Women’s Agency in Egypt: A National Validation Study

Measurement of Women’s Agency in Egypt: A National Validation Study

The Patriarchal Bargain in a Context of Rapid Changes to Normative Gender Roles: Young Arab Women’s Role Conflict in Qatar

The relationship between the Maria da Penha Law and intimate partner violence in two Brazilian states

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About