Intimate Partner Violence and Food Insecurity Predict Early Behavior Problems Among South African Children over 5-years Post-Birth

Rezvan, Panteha Hayati; Tomlinson, Mark; Christodoulou, Joan; Almirol, Ellen; Stewart, Jacqueline; Gordon, Sarah; Belin, Thomas R.

doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01025-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Being male, residing in households with low socioeconomic status, early motherhood, having more than one child in the household, single parenthood and low parental education were some of the risk factors identified for membership in high or life course persistent physical violence victimization or aggression trajectory groups [11,17–19]. From cross-sectional analyses conducted in both developing and developed countries, early life factors predicting violence victimization include, household crowding [20], paternal absence [21] and mother’s prior history of violence [22,23]. Both low [24] and high birth weight [25,26], and catch-up growth (weight and length) in infancy (0-2 years) are documented to predict future overweight and obesity [27,28], which are risk factors for violence victimization [29–31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life factors associated with childhood trajectories of violence among the Birth to Twenty-Plus Cohort in Soweto, South Africa

Muchai,

Naicker,

Kagura

2023

Preprint

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Violence against children (VAC) has devastating and long-term negative consequences on individuals’ and society’s health, social and economic well-being. There is limited research on the life course experience of VAC, especially in Africa. This study aimed to identify sub-groups of physical & sexual violence victimization patterns separately in childhood, and evaluate early life factors predicting violence trajectories. This study used data from ages 5 to 18 years from the ongoing prospective Birth to Twenty Plus cohort (Bt20+). Children with data on physical and sexual violence in at least 2-time points between 5 and 18 years were included in the analyses. Group-based trajectory modelling was employed to identify groups of children with similar patterns of violence over time, while multivariable logistic regression was used to identify early life factors associated with violence trajectory group membership. Separately, two trajectory groups of physical violence (adolescent limited (65.1%) and chronic increasing (34.9%)) and sexual violence (adolescent limited (74.1%) and late increasing (25.9%)) victimization were identified. Early life factors associated with a higher risk of chronic increasing trajectory group membership, after adjusting for covariates, were being male (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.31; 2.10) and having a mother with at least secondary education compared to higher education (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.08; 2.76). In addition, residing in middle, compared to low, socioeconomic households (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50; 0.92) was protective against membership in this group. Residing in high compared to low socioeconomic households, was the only early life factor with marginally significant (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42; 0.95) association with membership in the late-increasing sexual violence victimization trajectory group. In conclusion, children follow different violence victimization trajectories over childhood. Identifying early life factors predicting violence trajectories provides key prevention intervention areas that can mitigate children’s violence experience.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life factors associated with childhood trajectories of violence among the Birth to Twenty-Plus Cohort in Soweto, South Africa

Muchai,

Naicker,

Kagura

2023

Preprint

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“…Pregnancy and the postpartum period are vulnerable times for women in both high and low and middle income (LMIC) countries. In LMIC many pregnant women live in poverty and may experience a number of stressors including intimate partner violence, economic hardship and food insecurity (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between antenatal food insecurity, fetal and postnatal growth: findings from the South African National Income Dynamics Study

Harper

Rothberg

Chirwa

et al. 2020

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Background Food insecurity during pregnancy has been associated with adverse child health outcomes including low birthweight and stunting. There are few studies that have examined the relationships between food insecurity and child health outcomes in low and middle income countries. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the relationship between food insecurity, low birthweight and stunting in children using a longitudinal sample of South African women and their children. Methods The primary exposure is a multidimensional, composite measure of household food insecurity that comprises three dimensions and six indicators. The primary outcome is a dichotomous measure of child LBW (≤ 2500 g) The secondary outcome is childhood stunting (height for age ≤2SD of the median) and severe stunting (height for age ≤3SD of the median) in the first five years of life. We used both unadjusted and adjusted regression models. Source data for the analysis came from the population-based, longitudinal data collected for wave one and three of the National Income Dynamics Study (2008 and 2012). Results Birthweight data were available for 1381 children and stunting data were available for 1444 children. The prevalence of LBW in the sample was 13.64%. The prevalence of stunting and severe stunting was 16.46% and 11.87%. The composite measure was not associated with low birthweight but was associated with underweight maternal BMI, a risk factor for low birthweight. Household dietary diversity, food expenditure below the Stats SA poverty line and the composite measure was associated with stunting and severe stunting in bivariate analyses. The measure was associated with severe stunting in the final model. Conclusions The finding that household food insecurity is associated with severe stunting for children in the first five years of life highlights the importance of adequate food and nutrition for vulnerable children in South Africa. Future studies can elucidate the relationship between antenatal food insecurity, low birthweight and other child outcomes. Policy interventions that focus on early childhood growth through alleviating food insecurity and addressing other drivers of malnutrition such as improving maternal education and dietary diversity can break the cycle of poor growth outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between maternal food insecurity, fetal and postnatal growth: findings from the South African National Income Dynamics Study

Harper¹,

Rothberg²,

Chirwa³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Food insecurity during pregnancy and postnatally has been associated with adverse child health outcomes including low birthweight and stunting. There are few studies that have examined the relationships between food insecurity and child health outcomes in low and middle income countries. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the relationship between food insecurity, low birthweight and stunting in children using a longitudinal sample of South African women and their offspring.Methods: The primary exposure is a multidimensional, composite measure of household food insecurity that comprises three dimensions and six indicators. The primary outcome is a dichotomous measure of child LBW (≤2500g) The secondary outcome is childhood stunting (height for age £2SD of the median) and severe stunting (height for age £3SD of the median) in the first five years of life. We used both unadjusted and adjusted regression models. Source data for the analysis came from the population-based, longitudinal data collected for wave one and three of the National Income Dynamics Study (2008 and 2012). Results: Birthweight data were available for 1381 children and stunting data were available for 1444 children. The prevalence of LBW in the sample was 13.64 %. The prevalence of stunting and severe stunting was 16.46 % and 11.87 %. The composite measure was not associated with low birthweight but was associated with underweight maternal BMI, a risk factor for low birthweight. Household dietary diversity, food expenditure below the Stats SA poverty line and the composite measure was associated with stunting and severe stunting in bivariate analyses. The measure was associated with severe stunting in the final model.Conclusions: The finding that household food insecurity is associated with severe stunting for children in the first five years of life highlights the importance of adequate food and nutrition for vulnerable children in South Africa. Future studies can elucidate the relationship between maternal food insecurity, low birthweight and other child outcomes. Policy interventions that focus on early childhood growth through alleviating food insecurity and addressing other drivers of malnutrition such as improving maternal education and dietary diversity can break the cycle of poor growth outcomes.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Food Insecurity Predict Early Behavior Problems Among South African Children over 5-years Post-Birth

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Early life factors associated with childhood trajectories of violence among the Birth to Twenty-Plus Cohort in Soweto, South Africa

Early life factors associated with childhood trajectories of violence among the Birth to Twenty-Plus Cohort in Soweto, South Africa

The relationship between antenatal food insecurity, fetal and postnatal growth: findings from the South African National Income Dynamics Study

The relationship between maternal food insecurity, fetal and postnatal growth: findings from the South African National Income Dynamics Study

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