Intimate partner violence and engagement in HIV care and treatment among women

Hatcher, Abigail M.; Smout, Elizabeth; Turan, Janet M.; Christofides, Nicola; Stöckl, Heidi

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000000842

Cited by 216 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In addition, IPV is linked to poor reproductive health outcomes, such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, and maternal and infant mortality (Boy & Salihu, 2004; Emenike, Lawoko, & Dalal, 2008). Lastly, IPV reduces the likelihood of certain HIV-related health behaviors among women, such as HIV testing and adherence to cART for the woman’s own health (Hatcher, Smout, Turan, Christofides, & Stockl, 2015; Siemieniuk et al, 2013). Qualitative research from South Africa also indicates that HIV-positive women often cite IPV as a barrier to PMTCT (Hatcher et al, 2014; Mepham, Zondi, Mbuyazi, Mkhwanazi, & Newell, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence and HIV-positive women's non-adherence to antiretroviral medication for the purpose of prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Lusaka, Zambia

Hampanda

2016

Social Science & Medicine

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Background Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) depends critically on HIV-positive women’s adherence to antiretroviral drugs during and after pregnancy. Adherence among pregnant and breastfeeding women remains a challenge across sub-Saharan Africa. Power dynamics within couples, such as intimate partner violence, has largely been neglected in research regarding PMTCT adherence. Objective This study aims to determine if there is a relationship between intimate partner violence and non-adherence to PMTCT. Methods In 2014, using a verbally administered cross-sectional survey at a large public health clinic in Lusaka, Zambia, 320 HIV-positive postpartum women, who were currently married or living with a man, provided information on their drug adherence during and after pregnancy, as well as relationship dynamics. Adherence was defined as the woman reporting she took or gave to the infant at least 80% of prescribed medication doses. Results Experiencing intimate partner violence was associated with decreased odds of adherence to PMTCT during and after pregnancy. Different forms of violence affected PMTCT adherence differentially. Physical violence had a less pronounced effect on non-adherence than emotional and sexual violence. A dose-response relationship between intimate partner violence and non-adherence was also observed. Conclusions Intimate partner violence is associated with non-adherence to PMTCT during and after pregnancy, which deserves increased attention in the effort to eliminate mother-to-child transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence and HIV-positive women's non-adherence to antiretroviral medication for the purpose of prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Lusaka, Zambia

Hampanda

2016

Social Science & Medicine

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“…The resulting mental health complications, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, often undermine individuals’ effective functioning [11,12]. This may result in substance abuse or a lack of adherence to chronic medications such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) [13]. For these reasons, it is important to understand exposure to violence and the multiple forms of violence FSWs may be exposed to across their lifetime to ensure that programmes can be effectively equipped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and patterns of victimization and polyvictimization among female sex workers in Soweto, a South African township: a cross-sectional, respondent-driven sampling study

Coetzee

Gray

Jewkes

2017

Global Health Action

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Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are disproportionately affected by violence from multiple partner categories. This increases their vulnerability to HIV. Objectives: To describe patterns of violence and polyvictimization among female SWs in Soweto. Methods: A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) recruitment methodology was used to enrol 508 Soweto-based FSWs using a survey instrument. Raw and RDS adjusted data were descriptively analysed, Spearman’s correlation and chi2 test of association were used to show associations. Polyvictimization patterns are shown within a modified Venn diagram. Results: The median age of FSWs in Soweto was 31 years, and most had an incomplete education (74.2%). The prevalence of exposure to physical/sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past year was 53.8%, 46.8% by clients, and 18.5% by police. Past year prevalence of sexual/physical violence by any perpetrator category was 70.8% and lifetime exposure was 76.0%. Childhood sexual violence was reported by 44.3%. Lifetime non-partner rape was 55.5% and all rape exposure was 62.4%. As a result of engaging in sex work in the past year, 65.2% women had been discriminated against. Client, police, IPV, and childhood trauma were all significantly associated with one another, with IPV being the most common co-occurrence. Polyvictimization was seen in almost two-thirds of FSWs, and increased with exposure to discrimination. Conclusion: In Soweto, FSWs are exposed to high rates of violence in multiple forms across their lifetime. Our findings show that violence continues unabated into adulthood at levels far higher than in the general population and overall at higher levels than previously recorded among SWs in South Africa. We argue that violence against FSWs is rooted in discrimination. The disparate burden of violence on FSWs requires urgent interventions to proactively address and reframe the normalisation of violence against all women.

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“…[12] Among women already living with HIV, experiencing IPV halves their odds of treatment adherence. [13] An important evolution of the thinking around trauma has come with the notion of continuous trauma, which attempts to define traumatic stress when there is a psychological impact that is real and ongoing, with current threat and danger. [14] This is a deviation from the more common understanding of PTSD that implicitly manages the effects of trauma in the past, with an acceptance that the threat is no longer current and real.…”

Section: The Golden Thread: a Focus On Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%