Intimate Partner Violence and Depression among Black Transgender Women in the USA: The Potential Suppressive Effect of Perceived Social Support

Bukowski, Leigh A; Hampton, Melvin C.; Escobar-Viera, César G.; Sang, Jordan M; Chandler, Cristian J; Henderson, Emmett R.; Creasy, Stephanie L.; Stall, Ronald D.

doi:10.1007/s11524-019-00355-3

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“… 2 , 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 Black and Latinx transgender adults face a tremendous burden of poor outcomes, including high levels of depression and substance abuse and negative psychosocial experiences, including racial discrimination, transphobia, and physical victimization. 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 To our knowledge, the youth antecedents to these poor adult outcomes for Black and Latinx transgender individuals have not been elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health and Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Among Black and Latinx Transgender Youth Compared With Peers

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Black and Latinx transgender youth experience stigma that may increase their susceptibility to mental health symptoms. OBJECTIVE To compare past-year mental health symptoms and psychosocial factors among Black and Latinx transgender youth, White transgender youth, and Black and Latinx cisgender youth. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study used data from the 2015-2017 Biennial California Healthy Kids Survey with a weighted sample (N = 45 269) representative of California's secondary school population. The analytic sample (n = 19 780) included Black and Latinx transgender youth, White transgender youth, and Black and Latinx cisgender youth in the 9th and 11th grades. Data analysis was conducted from July 2020 to February 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes include past-year depressive symptoms and suicidality. Psychosocial risk factors include school-based victimization, gender-based harassment, sexuality-based harassment, and race-based harassment; protective factors include school connectedness and caring adult relationships. RESULTSThe analytic sample of 19 780 participants (in 9th grade: weighted percentage, 51% [95% CI, 50% to 52%]; female participants: weighted percentage, 50% [95% CI, 49% to 51%]) included 252 Black and Latinx transgender youth (weighted percentage, 1.3% [95% CI, 1.1% to 1.5%]), 104 White transgender youth (weighted percentage, 0.7% [95% CI, 0.6% to 0.8%]), and 19 424 Black and Latinx cisgender youth (weighted percentage, 98.0% [95% CI, 97.8% to 98.2%]). For Black and Latinx transgender youth, estimated prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidality were 50% (95% CI, 44% to 57%) and 46% (95% CI, 39% to 52%), respectively. Logistic regression models adjusted for grade, living arrangement, and reported sex indicated that compared with White transgender youth, Black and Latinx transgender youth had similar odds of depressive symptoms

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health and Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Among Black and Latinx Transgender Youth Compared With Peers

et al. 2021

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“…Within this cluster of research, push factors included psychosocial issues (Bauermeister et al, 2016; Bith‐Melander et al, 2010), navigating public institutions (Benson, 2019; Graham, 2014; Nicolazzo, 2016; Woods et al, 2013) objectification, violence, and harassment (Bazargan & Galvan, 2012; Bukowski et al, 2019; Cerezo et al, 2014; Hipp et al, 2019; Sevelius, 2012), traumatic life events (e.g., hate crimes, intimate partner violence, child sexual abuse) (Singh & McKleroy, 2011), as well as perceived stress, recent anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation (Crosby et al, 2016). Studies of psychosocial factors identified risk factors such as socioeconomic vulnerability (e.g., transactional sex) and gender‐related discrimination (including in medical and mental health settings) (Bauermeister et al, 2016; Bith‐Melander et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Issues such as sexual objectification, intimate partner violence, immigration, and social oppression were also explored (e.g., Bukowski et al, 2019; Sevelius, 2012). Sexual objectification was informed by racism, sexism, and cissexism, and included “body policing” (comments about physical appearances not conforming to societal norms and being reduced to body parts) (Flores et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The health and wellbeing of transgender and gender non‐conforming people of colour in the United States: A systematic literature search and review

Farvid

Vance

Klein

et al. 2021

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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Transgender and gender non‐conforming people (TGNC), individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth, experience unique stressors, discrimination, and barriers to health and wellbeing. TGNC People of Colour (POC) navigate the nexus of racism, cisgenderism (and often homophobia) in their daily lives, resulting in uniquely intersecting forms of discrimination, and pronounced disparities in their health and well‐being. In order to examine the current state of knowledge about the health and wellbeing of TGNC POC, we conducted a systematic search and review of peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 1 January 2010 and 1 May 2020 that focused on this population. A systematic search identified (3,575) papers, with 76 of those meeting full inclusion criteria. In our review, we were able to identify physical health and psychological wellbeing (which included resilience), as core clusters of research focused on TGNC POC. We identified specific factors that hindered physical and psychological health (what we call “push” factors) as well as those that promoted it (what we call “pull” factors). Leveraging these findings, we offer ways forward for best practice in clinical work and carrying out research with this population. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

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“…Martin, Boadi, Fernandes, Watt, and Robinson-Wood (2013) found that Black women's experiences of depression are caused by systemic racism, micro-aggressions, poverty, cultural socialization, obesity, diabetes, and exposure to interpersonal and community violence. Bukowski, Hampton, Escobar-Viera, Sang, Chandler and Henderson (2019) found that the factors which were significantly correlated with symptoms of depression for Black transgender women (BTW) included IPV, physical and verbal violence, social support, gender identity, sex work, level of education, employment status, re-lationship status, and homelessness in the previous year. BTW were found to be at a higher risk for IPV resulting from their intersecting identities, limited economic opportunities due to discrimination and stigma, and financial dependency on their partner.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hear My Cry: Breaking the Code of Silence around Intimate Partner Violence among Black Women in and beyond Midlife

Waldron

MacDougall²,

Weeks

2021

atlantis

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There is a knowledge gap about how the intersections of gender, race, culture, age, income, social class, and other identities shape Black women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). In this qualitative study, we utilized an intersectional approach to examine how IPV is experienced and managed by racialized women, and in particular, our focus was to explore the IPV experiences of Black Nova Scotian women in and beyond midlife and their experiences of seeking support. Participant recruitment was predictably challenging, but we were able to collect in-depth interview data from a Black woman who identified as being in and beyond midlife and who had experienced IPV in the past and from three people who provided support to Black women in a paid capacity. An interpretive narrative approach was utilized to identify five dominant themes: descriptions of the experiences of IPV for Black women; strategies for coping with IPV; strategies in supporting Black women experiencing IPV; barriers in accessing support; and challenges in the delivery of support. The knowledge gained through this research provides important insights about the experiences, barriers faced, and how to address these challenges for Black women who experience IPV in and beyond midlife.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Depression among Black Transgender Women in the USA: The Potential Suppressive Effect of Perceived Social Support

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Mental Health and Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Among Black and Latinx Transgender Youth Compared With Peers

Mental Health and Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Among Black and Latinx Transgender Youth Compared With Peers

The health and wellbeing of transgender and gender non‐conforming people of colour in the United States: A systematic literature search and review

Hear My Cry: Breaking the Code of Silence around Intimate Partner Violence among Black Women in and beyond Midlife

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