Intimal thickening of coronary arteries in the rabbitfish, <i>Chimaera monstrosa</i> L. (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali)

Durán, Ana C.; Rodrı́guez, Cristina; Sola, Luís Gil de; Fernández, Borja; Arqué, Josep M.; Sans‐Coma, V.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01175.x

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Apart from G. atlanticus , the existence of an intrapericardial OFT component characterized by smooth muscle and elastin in its walls and, therefore, regarded as a bulbus arteriosus, has been reported in several species of holocephalans (Durán et al ., , ) and elasmobranchs (Durán et al ., ; Borucinska et al ., ; Rodríguez et al ., ). Fig.…”

Section: Current Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical components of the cardiac outflow tract of chondrichthyans and actinopterygians

et al. 2018

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The outflow tract of the fish heart is the segment interposed between the ventricle and the ventral aorta. It holds the valves that prevent blood backflow from the gill vasculature to the ventricle. The anatomical composition, histological structure and evolutionary changes in the fish cardiac outflow tract have been under discussion for nearly two centuries and are still subject to debate. This paper offers a brief historical review of the main conceptions about the cardiac outflow tract components of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fish) and actinopterygians (ray-finned fish) which have been put forward since the beginning of the nineteenth century up to the current day. We focus on the evolutionary origin of the outflow tract components and the changes to which they have been subject in the major extant groups of chondrichthyans and actinopterygians. In addition, an attempt is made to infer the primitive anatomical design of the heart of the gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Finally, several areas of further investigation are suggested. Recent work on fish heart morphology has shown that the cardiac outflow tract of chondrichthyans does not consist exclusively of the myocardial conus arteriosus as classically thought. A conus arteriosus and a bulbus arteriosus, devoid of myocardium and mainly composed of elastin and smooth muscle, are usually present in cartilaginous and ray-finned fish. This is consistent with the suggestion that both components coexisted from the onset of the gnathostome radiation. There is evidence that the conus arteriosus appeared in the agnathans. By contrast, the evolutionary origin of the bulbus is still unclear. It is almost certain that in all fish, both the conus and bulbus develop from the embryonic second heart field. We suggest herein that the primitive anatomical heart of the jawed vertebrates consisted of a sinus venosus containing the pacemaker tissue, an atrium possessing trabeculated myocardium, an atrioventricular region with compact myocardium which supported the atrioventricular valves, a ventricle composed of mixed myocardium, and an outflow tract consisting of a conus arteriosus, with compact myocardium in its wall and valves at its luminal side, and a non-myocardial bulbus arteriosus that connected the conus with the ventral aorta. Chondrichthyans have retained this basic anatomical design of the heart. In actinopterygians, the heart has been subject to notable changes during evolution. Among them, the following two should be highlighted: (i) a decrease in size of the conus in combination with a remarkable development of the bulbus, especially in teleosts; and (ii) loss of the myocardial compact layer of the ventricle in many teleost species.

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Section: Current Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical components of the cardiac outflow tract of chondrichthyans and actinopterygians

et al. 2018

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“…It is somewhat wider in the anterior part, between the atrioventricular region and the conoventricular junction, becoming thinner towards the ventricular apex. The heart is supplied by a well-developed coronary artery system arising from the lateral hypobranchial arteries as already described in Muñoz-Ch apuli et al (1994) and Dur an et al (2010). The main coronary artery trunks enter the outflow tract of the heart at the anterior boundary of the pericardial cavity.…”

Section: Chimaeridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and vascularization of the ventricular myocardium in Holocephali: their evolutionary significance

et al. 2015

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It was generally assumed that the ventricle of the primitive vertebrate heart was composed of trabeculated, or spongy, myocardium, supplied by oxygen-poor luminal blood. In addition, it was presumed that the mixed ventricular myocardium, consisting of a compacta and a spongiosa, and its supply through coronary arteries appeared several times throughout fish evolution. Recent work has suggested, however, that a fully vascularized, mixed myocardium may be the primitive condition in gnathostomes. The present study of the heart ventricles of four holocephalan species aimed to clarify this controversy. Our observations showed that the ventricular myocardium of Chimaera monstrosa and Harriotta raleighana consists of a very thin compacta overlying a widespread spongiosa. The ventricle of Hydrolagus affinis is composed exclusively of trabeculated myocardium. In these three species there is a well-developed coronary artery system. The main coronary artery trunks run along the outflow tract, giving off subepicardial ventricular arteries. The trabeculae of the spongiosa are irrigated by branches of the subepicardial arteries and by penetrating arterial vessels arising directly from the main coronary trunks at the level of the conoventricular junction. The ventricle of Rhinochimaera atlantica has only spongy myocardium supplied by luminal blood. Small coronary arterial vessels are present in the subepicardium, but they do not enter the myocardial trabeculae. The present findings show for the first time that in a wild living vertebrate species, specifically H. affinis, an extensive coronary artery system supplying the whole cardiac ventricle exists in the absence of a well-developed compact ventricular myocardium. This is consistent with the notion derived from experimental work that myocardial cell proliferation and coronary vascular growth rely on distinct developmental programs. Our observations, together with data in the literature on elasmobranchs, support the view that the mixed ventricular myocardium is primitive for chondrichthyans. The reduction or even lack of compacta in holocephali has to be regarded as a derived anatomical trait. Our findings also fit in with the view that the mixed myocardium was the primitive condition in gnathostomes, and that the absence of compact ventricular myocardium in different actinopterygian groups is the result of a repeated loss of such type of cardiac muscle during fish evolution.

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“…Recently, intimal expansions were reported in rabbitfish, Chimaera monstrosa L. (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali) (Duran et al . ). This last publication noted the presence of intimal expansions with luminal narrowing in larger/older fish, and called them myointimal thickenings, although their IHC protocols failed to demonstrate SMA in the sections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recently, expansions of the intima of epicardial and mural coronary arteries have been reported in rabbitfish, Chimaera monstrosa L. (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali) (Duran et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphological features of coronary arteries and lesions in hearts from five species of sharks collected from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean

Borucinska

Obasa

Haffey

et al. 2012

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Morphological features of coronary arteries and incidental lesions are reported from hearts in five species of sharks, the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrhinchus Rafinesque, thresher shark Alopias vulpinus (Bonaterre), blue shark, Prionace glauca L., the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis (Mitchill), and spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias L. Sharks were collected from the northwestern Atlantic between June and August from 1996 to 2010. They were necropsied dockside and the hearts were preserved in buffered formalin. Routine sections including ventricle/conus arteriosus and the atrio-ventricular junctions were embedded in paraffin, stained with common histological and immunohistochemical methods and examined by brightfield microscopy. Myointimal hyperplasia, medial myo-myxomatous hyperplasia and bifurcation pads were observed commonly, and medial muscle reorientation and epicardial myeloid tissues were rare. All the above features differed in severity, prevalence and distribution depending on anatomical site and shark species/size. Morphometric analysis indicated that myomyxomatous hyperplasia is associated with luminal narrowing of blood vessels. As suggested previously, the described morphological features are most likely physiological responses to blood flow characteristics. Vascular and cardiac lesions were uncommon and included, granulomatous proliferative epicarditis with fibroepitheliomas, myxomatous epicardial expansions, medial arterial vacuolation, myocardial fibrosis, acute ventricular emboli and parasitic granulomas. The lesions of embolism, proliferative and granulomatous epicarditis and myocardial fibrosis were in all sharks associated with capture events including retained fishing hooks. The significance and aetiopathogenesis of medial vacuolation and epicardial myxomatous expansions remains unclear.

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Intimal thickening of coronary arteries in the rabbitfish, Chimaera monstrosa L. (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali)

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

The anatomical components of the cardiac outflow tract of chondrichthyans and actinopterygians

The anatomical components of the cardiac outflow tract of chondrichthyans and actinopterygians

Structure and vascularization of the ventricular myocardium in Holocephali: their evolutionary significance

Morphological features of coronary arteries and lesions in hearts from five species of sharks collected from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean

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