Intimacy revealed: Sexual experimentation and the construction of risk among young people in Mozambique

Karlyn, Andrew S.

doi:10.1080/13691050412331334362

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Women engage in sex for resources for financial motivations, but also to express sexual agency and power and to maintain autonomy. As a result, there do not appear to be marked differences in discourses on transactional sexual behaviour as findings from this study, based in a rural and matrilineal context, closely resonate with literature examining women involved in transactional sex in urban and patrilineal settings in Mozambique (Karlyn 2005;Hawkins, Price, and Mussa 2009).…”

Section: Culture Health and Sexuality 583supporting

confidence: 86%

Exchange of sex for resources: HIV risk and gender norms in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

Bandali

2011

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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A qualitative analysis was carried out of data from 16 group discussions and 29 in-depth interviews conducted in rural and matrilineal areas of Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, to examine how the exchange of sex for resources--primarily money but also food, transportation, housing and gifts--is enacted and perceived in relation to HIV-related risk, and how prevalent gender norms are reflected in this practice. Findings reveal how gender norms shape access to resources differently for men and women as well as how variations in access to opportunities and income earning potential contribute to the emergence of sexual exchange for purposes of survival, but also as a means to ensure sexual and economic agency. Within this practice, individuals are confronting gender norms and re-defining their HIV-related risk. Some men refuse to spend scarce resources on other women by protecting their family from both financial insecurity and HIV acquisition. Among some women who engage in sexual transactions to obtain resources quickly, the resulting agency and decision making power gained are a trade-off to potential HIV risk. Nuanced understandings of gender dynamics and its influence on sexual risk taking and risk-reduction efforts in different local contexts are required.

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Section: Culture Health and Sexuality 583supporting

confidence: 86%

Exchange of sex for resources: HIV risk and gender norms in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

Bandali

2011

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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“…In Mozambique and other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), sexual behaviour in marriage is influenced by socioeconomic and cultural forces as well as inequalities and power imbalances (Hawkins, Price, & Mussa, 2009;Karlyn, 2005;Luke, 2003). Societies, such as those found in Mozambique (Machel, 2001), which are generally characterised by male dominance and female submissiveness, create enormous power imbalances within a relationship (Fox et al, 2007;Jewkes et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Norms and practices within marriage which shape gender roles, HIV/AIDS risk and risk reduction strategies in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

Bandali

2011

AIDS Care

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Despite increasing HIV/AIDS rates among married individuals, minimal research has been conducted on how men and women respond to risk in a marriage. This paper examines strategies used by married individuals to combat HIV/AIDS risk against prevailing gender norms. Qualitative data were gathered in four villages of Cabo Delgado province, Mozambique. Group discussions were held with 160 men and women to explore gender norms, HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk determinants. From the group discussions, 29 individuals were selected for further in-depth interviews to explore relationships between gender norms and risk reduction efforts within marriages. Findings illustrate how infidelity and social limitations placed on condom use not only increase HIV/AIDS risk but also entrench gender disparities. Although power differences between genders can make it difficult to negotiate safe sex, men and women are taking measures to reduce perceived HIV/AIDS risk in their marriage. Married men are reconstructing norms and taking responsibility to protect their family from HIV/AIDS by remaining faithful. For women, responses to HIV/AIDS risk in a marriage are more closely related to their ability to generate an income. Financially dependent women tend to leave a risky marriage altogether in contrast to financially autonomous women who will negotiate condom use with their husband. Factors such as experience with a risky partner, the desire to maintain a good social standing, fear of HIV/AIDS acquisition and parental guidance and support influence men and women to reduce perceived HIV/AIDS risk, despite constraining gender norms and power imbalances in a marriage. Nuanced understandings of the ways in which men and women are already taking measures to decrease noted HIV/AIDS risk, despite gender norms that make this a challenge, should be incorporated into localised responses.

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“…Unequal gender relations between men and women play a major role in the current HIV crisis in sub-Saharan Africa (Gupta 2000;O'Sullivan et al 2007). Studies on men and masculinities in sub-Saharan Africa have identified socialization as key in determining male risk-taking behaviours; they have also shown how socialisation defines female vulnerability to harmful sexual outcomes, including HIV infection (Barker and Ricardo 2005;Karlyn 2005;Wood and Jewkes 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Masculinity and male sexual behaviour in Mozambique

Macia

Maharaj

Gresh

2011

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Mozambique is facing a severe HIV epidemic. Evidence suggests that male sexual behaviour is one of the driving forces behind the epidemic. Yet, there is limited understanding of how notions of masculinity influence such behaviour in the context of HIV. Using data collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with sexually active men and women, this paper investigates how notions of masculinity influence the risk of HIV infection among men. The study findings suggest that traditional norms of masculinity, the man as the main provider and figure of authority, continue to exert a strong influence on male attitudes and behaviour. Alternative approaches are urgently needed in HIV programming that take into consideration notions of masculinity in order to reduce risky sexual behaviour.

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Intimacy revealed: Sexual experimentation and the construction of risk among young people in Mozambique

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Exchange of sex for resources: HIV risk and gender norms in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

Exchange of sex for resources: HIV risk and gender norms in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

Norms and practices within marriage which shape gender roles, HIV/AIDS risk and risk reduction strategies in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

Masculinity and male sexual behaviour in Mozambique

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