Intestinl fragility during ochratoxicosis and aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens

Warren, M F; Hamilton, Pat B.

doi:10.1128/aem.40.3.641-645.1980

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, literature regarding the effects of AFB1 on the GIT is particularly confusing. Few researchers have look at morphometric changes following dietary administration of aflatoxins in chickens, turkeys, and ducks, but results from those studies contradict each other, particularly when looking at villi high and villi to crypt ratio ( 10 , 11 , 15 – 20 ). Similarly, contradictive results arise from the effects of AFB1 on digestibility of amino acids, energy utilization, and absorption of macronutrients ( 18 , 20 – 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky Gut and Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin B1 Does Not Increase Gut Permeability in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have demonstrated that intestinal barrier function can be adversely affected by diet ingredients or feed restriction, resulting in increased intestinal inflammation-associated permeability. Two experiments were conducted in broilers to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 2, 1.5, or 1 ppm) on gastrointestinal leakage and liver bacterial translocation (BT). In experiment 1, 240 day-of-hatch male broilers were allocated in two groups, each group had six replicates of 20 chickens (n = 120/group): Control feed or feed + 2 ppm AFB1. In experiment 2, 240 day-of-hatch male broilers were allocated in three groups, each group had five replicates of 16 chickens (n = 80/group): Control feed; feed + 1 ppm AFB1; or feed + 1.5 ppm AFB1. In both experiments, chickens were fed starter (days 1–7) and grower diets (days 8–21) ad libitum and performance parameters were evaluated every week. At day 21, all chicks received an oral gavage dose of FITC-d (4.16 mg/kg) 2.5 h before collecting blood samples to evaluate gastrointestinal leakage of FITC-d. In experiment 2, a hematologic analysis was also performed. Liver sections were aseptically collected and cultured using TSA plates to determine BT. Cecal contents were collected to determine total colony-forming units per gram of Gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), or anaerobes by plating on selective media. In experiment 2, liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were removed to determine organ weight ratio, and also intestinal samples were obtained for morphometric analysis. Performance parameters, organ weight ratio, and morphometric measurements were significantly different between Control and AFB1 groups in both experiments. Gut leakage of FITC-d was not affected by the three concentrations of AFB1 evaluated (P > 0.05). Interestingly, a significant reduction in BT was observed in chickens that received 2 and 1 ppm AFB1. An increase (P < 0.05) in total aerobic bacteria, total Gram negatives, and total LAB were observed in chickens fed with 2 and 1.5 ppm of AFB1 when compared with Control and 1 ppm chickens. The integrity of gut epithelial barrier was not compromised after exposure to the mycotoxin.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky Gut and Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin B1 Does Not Increase Gut Permeability in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the current level of rabbit farming in China is difficult to rapidly improve, it is particularly important to reduce the negative impact of diarrhea on production in the current situation. The main causes of diarrhea in young rabbits in production practice include parasites [ 8 ], fungi [ 9 ], bacteria, and stress. Antibiotic-free feeding may lead to the structural imbalance of intestinal microflora and the destruction of intestinal epithelial integrity in young rabbits at the current level of culture in China, resulting in the increased invasion of pathogenic bacteria and increased inflammatory diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Metabolomics as a Tool to Compare the Regulatory Mechanisms in the Cecum, Ileum, and Jejunum in Healthy Rabbits and with Diarrhea

Liu

Shao

Lai

et al. 2022

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simple Summary The problems caused by antibiotic abuse have swept the world, and the Chinese government has responded to calls for a comprehensive ban on antibiotics. However, not using antibiotics also challenges China’s existing livestock industry. Based on this, we carried out a nontargeted metabolomics analysis of the jejunum, ileum, and cecum of diarrhea rabbits and normal rabbits fed with antibiotic-free diets, respectively, to find out the mechanism of action of each intestinal segment group and between different intestinal segments. The screened differential metabolites were mostly related to intestinal barrier, intestinal inflammation, and autophagy after a KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis. In this paper, we analyzed the metabolic pathways that were significantly different between different intestinal segments and illustrated the mechanism and potential connections of the screened differential metabolites in different intestinal segments in the form of charts. Abstract For many years, antibiotics in feed have been an effective and economical means to promote growth and disease resistance in livestock production. However, the rampant abuse of antibiotics has also brought very serious harm to human health and the environment. Therefore, the Chinese government promulgated laws and regulations on 1 July 2020, to prohibit the use of antibiotics in feed. To improve the effect of antibiotic-free feeding on China’s existing rabbit industry, we used the nontargeted metabolomics method to detect the differences between diarrhea rabbits (Dia) and normal rabbits (Con) on an antibiotic-free diet. A total of 1902 different metabolites were identified. A KEGG analysis showed that in the cecum, metabolites were mainly concentrated in bile secretion, antifolate resistance, aldosterone synthesis, and secretion pathways. The ileal metabolites were mainly concentrated in tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The metabolites in the jejunum were mainly rich in panquinone and other terpenoid compound quinone biosynthesis, AMPK (adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase) signal, inositol phosphate metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway. After a deep excavation of the discovered differential metabolites and metabolic pathways with large differences between groups, it was found that these metabolic pathways mainly involved intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier, and autophagy. The results showed that panquinone and other terpenoids could increase AMPK activity to promote cell metabolism and autophagy, thus trying to prevent inflammation and alleviate intestinal disease symptoms. In addition, we discussed the possible reasons for the changes in the levels of seven intestinal endogenous metabolites in rabbits in the diarrhea group. The possibility of improving diarrhea by adding amino acids to feed was discussed. In addition, t...

show abstract

Occurrence and clinical manifestations of ochratoxicosis

Schaeffer¹,

Hamilton²

1986

Diagnosis of Mycotoxicoses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intestinl fragility during ochratoxicosis and aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Leaky Gut and Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin B1 Does Not Increase Gut Permeability in Broiler Chickens

Leaky Gut and Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin B1 Does Not Increase Gut Permeability in Broiler Chickens

The Use of Metabolomics as a Tool to Compare the Regulatory Mechanisms in the Cecum, Ileum, and Jejunum in Healthy Rabbits and with Diarrhea

Occurrence and clinical manifestations of ochratoxicosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About