Intestinal Trematode Infections

Pérez-Crespo

et al. 2020

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Interleukin-25 (IL-25) plays a major role in resistance against intestinal helminth infections as initiator of protective Th2 responses. However, recent studies have challenged the contribution of this cytokine in both the polarization of the response towards a Th2 phenotype and the parasite rejection. We have used the experimental model Echinostoma caproni-ICR mice to investigate the participation of this cytokine in resistance to intestinal helminths. ICR mice are characterized by their inability to respond with IL-25 production in primary infections with E. caproni, causing susceptibility associated with a Th1 response. However, mice are refractory to infection in presence of IL-25 in relation to a type 2 phenotype. Herein, we show that dynamics of resident microbiota appears to be crucial in IL-25 production. Moreover, IL-25 seems to play a pivotal role in the polarization to Th2 in primary responses, but also appears to participate in the generation of memory mechanisms making unnecessary the participation of IL-25 in memory responses for the development of Th2 milieu. However, resistance to E. caproni infection does not depend on the generation of a Th2 phenotype, but exclusively depends on the presence of IL-25, operating autonomously from the type 2 response in the generation of resistance.

Section: Author's Summary Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematodes does not depend on the generation of Th2 responses

Pérez-Crespo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Among the intestinal helminth infections, those caused for trematodes constitute a major group of diseases that affects both humans and animals [5]. Intestinal trematodes are a large group of parasites and about seven million people are infected worldwide [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of aliments are involved in the transmission of intestinal flukes and the eating habits are essential to determine the distribution of these parasitic diseases. High incidence of intestinal trematodiasis is strongly associated with populations living near freshwater bodies and the practice of eating raw or undercooked aquatic products [5]. One of the most relevant group of trematodes causing human infections, mainly in East and Southeast Asia, are the members of the family Echinostomatidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Echinostomes are cosmopolitan parasites that infect a large number of different warm-blooded hosts, both in nature. More than 20 species belonging to nine genera of Echinostomatidae are known to cause human infections around the world [5]. Apart from their interest in human health echinostomes, and particularly Echinostoma caproni, have been extensively used as experimental models to the study of helminth-vertebrate host relationships, with emphasis in the factors determining resistance to intestinal helminth infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ileal proteomic changes associated with IL-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematode infections

Muñoz-Antolí

et al. 2020

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Abstract Background: Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, which has been widely employed to investigate the factors determining the rejection of intestinal helminths. In this sense, several studies have shown that IL-25 is essential for the development of resistance against E. caproni in mice. In fact, treatment of mice with recombinant IL-25 generates resistance against primary E. caproni infection. However, the mechanisms by which IL-25 induces resistance remain unknown.Methods: To study the mechanisms responsible for resistance elicited by IL-25, we analyze the ileal proteomic changes induced by IL-25 in mice and their potential role in resistance. To this purpose, we compare the protein expression profiles in the ileum of four experimental groups of mice: naïve controls; E. caproni-infected mice; rIL-25-treated mice; and rIL-25-treated mice exposed to E. caproni metacercariae.Results: Quantitative comparison by 2D-DIGE showed significant changes in a total of 41 spots. Forty of those spots validated protein spots were were identified by mass spectrometry corresponding to 24 proteins.Conclusions: The analysis of differentially expressed proteins indicates that maintenance of the intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the regulation of proliferation and cell death are the most affected processes that appears to be related to the resistance to infection. These results provide new insights into the proteins involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis after intestinal infection and its transcendence in resistance.

“…Apart from its interest in human health, helminth infections are a relevant cause of economic losses in livestock, both by decreased productivity, an also in relation to the indirect costs of anthelmintic treatments [4]. Intestinal helminth infections caused by trematodes constitute a major group affecting both humans and animals [5]. Intestinal trematodes are a large group of parasites and about seven million people are infected worldwide [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ileal proteomic changes associated with IL-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematode infections

Muñoz-Antolí

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

Abstract Background: Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, which has been extensively used to investigate the factors that determine the rejection of intestinal helminths. In this sense, several studies have shown that IL-25 is critical for the development of resistance against E. caproni in mice. In fact, treatment of mice with recombinant IL-25 generates resistance against primary E. caproni infection. However, the mechanisms by which IL-25 induces resistance remain unknown.Methods: To study the mechanisms responsible for resistance elicited by IL-25, we analyze the ileal proteomic changes induced by IL-25 in mice and their potential role in resistance. To this purpose, we compare the protein expression profiles in the ileum of four experimental groups of mice: naïve controls; E. caproni -infected mice; rIL-25-treated mice; and rIL-25-treated mice exposed to E. caproni metacercariae.Results: Quantitative comparison by 2D-DIGE showed significant changes in a total of 41 spots. Forty of those spots validated protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry corresponding to 24 proteins.Conclusions: The analysis of our results indicates that resistance to infectiuon is associated with the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the regulation of proliferation and cell death. These results provide new insights into the proteins involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis after intestinal infection and its transcendence in resistance.