Intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol is limited by Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 in pig jejunum explants

Abstract

Probiotics have been explored to stimulate gut health in weaned pigs, when they started to consume solid diet where mycotoxins could be present. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 on the intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON) in an ex vivo model. Jejunal explants, obtained from 5-week-old crossbred castrated male piglets, were kept as control, exposed for 3 h to 10 μM DON, incubated for 4 h with 10 CFU/mL L. rhamnosus, or pre-incubated 1 h with 10 L. rhamnosus and exposed to DON. Histological lesions were observed, para- and transcellular intestinal permeability was measured in Ussing chambers. The expression levels of mRNA encoding six inflammatory cytokines (CCL20, IL-10, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8 and IL-22) were determined by RT-PCR. The expressions of the phosphorylated MAP kinases p42/p44 and p38 were assessed by immunoblotting. Exposure to DON induced histological changes, significantly increased the expression of CCL20, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8, IL-22 and IL-10, increased the intestinal paracellular permeability and activated MAP kinases. Incubation with L. rhamnosus alone did not have any significant effect. By contrast, the pre-incubation with L. rhamnosus reduced all the effects of DON: the histological alterations, the pro-inflammatory response, the paracellular permeability and the phosphorylation of MAP kinases. Of note, L. rhamnosus did not adsorb DON and only slightly degrade the toxin. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus RC007 is a promising probiotic which, included as feed additive, can decrease the intestinal toxicity of DON.

Lactic Acid Bacteria as Antifungal and Anti‐Mycotoxigenic Agents: A Comprehensive Review

“…DON derivatives (DON‐3‐glucoside, 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol, and 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol) are equally a safety concern for consumers (Vidal, Mengelers, Yang, De Saeger, & De Boevre, ). The potential of L. rhamnosus RC007 to eliminate intestinal toxicity caused by DON in an ex vivo porcine model has been reported in a recent study (Garcia et al., ), in which L. rhamnosus RC007 prevented DON‐related toxic effects on jejunal explants, including paracellular permeability, histological alterations, increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases p38 and p42/p44, and increased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In another study (Maidana, Gerez, Pinho, Garcia, & Bracarense, ), the oral exposure of DON to 24 days old piglets resulted in defects in histological and morphometric parameters of intestinal tissues, which included apical necrosis, villi atrophy, and a decrease in villi height.…”

Deoxynivalenol: Masked forms, fate during food processing, and potential biological remedies

“…García et al. (2018), Juodeikiene et al. (2018), Yang, Li, Duan, and Yang (2017), and Chlebicz and Śliżewska (2019) observed the effects of DON detoxification by Lactobacillus sp.…”

“…Among the strains, L. plantarum achieved the best result (Zou et al, 2012). García et al (2018), Juodeikiene et al (2018), Yang, Li, Duan, and Yang (2017), and Chlebicz and Śliżewska (2019) observed the effects of DON detoxification by Lactobacillus sp. strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus strains, and metabolites Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 and Lactobacillus plantarum JM113.…”

“…The ability to inhibit fungal growth may be attributed to the competition of nutrients, production of antagonistic substances, and production of organic acids (Magnusson & Schnürer, 2001; Magnusson, Ström, Roos, Sjögren, & Schnürer, 2003; Niku‐Paavola, Laitila, Mattila‐Sandholm, & Haikara, 1999; Schnürer & Magnusson, 2005). Detoxification may arise from metabolism, adsorption of the cell structure, or degradation (Dalié, Deschamps, & Richard‐Forget, 2010; García et al., 2018; Haskard, El‐Nezami, Kankaanpää, Salminen, & Ahokas, 2001; Shetty & Jespersen, 2006).…”

“…Genomic and omics technologies for mycotoxin treatment. (a) Association between mycotoxin synthesis and omics and the association between different omics (Garcia et al., 2018). (b) Possible pathways of HIGS (left) and SIGS (right) (Machado et al., 2018) Abbreviation: DCL, Dicer‐like proteins.…”