Intestinal Temperature, Heart Rate, and Hydration Status in Multiday Trail Runners

Singh, Navin R.; Denissen, Emmerentia C.; McKune, Andrew J.; Peters, Edith M.

doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e318248e27f

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…6 The popularity of this activity has led to increasing numbers of athletes participating in trail events, during which they must complete a race per day for 2 or more consecutive days. [7][8][9][10] Thus, it appears essential to use recovery strategies that allow athletes to train or compete at their maximal performance capacity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wearing Compression Stockings on Recovery After Mild Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Bieuzen¹,

Brisswalter²,

Easthope³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Wearing Compression Stockings on Recovery After Mild Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Bieuzen¹,

Brisswalter²,

Easthope³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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“…S1 in the supplemental material). This marine bacterium, when entering humans, would be exposed to high temperatures in the gut environments whose maximum may reach above 40°C ( 17 ). V. vulnificus formed the biggest biofilms at 42°C without showing heat-mediated attenuation of bacterial growth ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The marine bacterium V. vulnificus may experience a wide range of temperatures during its life cycle, which is composed of the planktonic style under conditions of seasonally fluctuating temperatures of seawater and the pathogenic style under conditions of the relatively higher temperature of its hosts. Upon entering the human gut, V. vulnificus would be exposed to intestinal temperatures, which usually range from 36.8 to 39.3°C but may reach above 40°C ( 17 ). V. vulnificus grows well at 42°C, although its maximum yield at that temperature was slightly less than that seen with growth at 30°C or 37°C ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Heat Shock Proteases in Quorum-Sensing-Mediated Regulation of Biofilm Formation by Vibrio Species

Lee

Jung

Park

2018

mBio

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Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is essential for the dispersal of biofilms formed by the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus. CPS production is induced by the quorum-sensing (QS) master regulator SmcR when biofilms mature. However, V. vulnificus biofilms formed under heat shock conditions did not exhibit the dispersion stage. Transcripts of the CPS gene cluster were at basal levels in the heatexposed cell owing to reduced cellular levels of SmcR. At least two proteases induced by heat shock, ClpPA and Lon, were responsible for determining the instability of SmcR. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that SmcR levels were regulated via proteolysis by these proteases, with preferential proteolysis of monomeric SmcR. Thus, CPS production was not induced by QS when bacteria were heat treated. Further studies performed with other Vibrio species demonstrated that high temperature deactivated the QS circuits by increased proteolysis of their QS master regulators, thus resulting in alterations to the QS-regulated phenotypes, including biofilm formation. IMPORTANCEThe term Љquorum-sensing mechanismЉ is used to describe diverse bacterial cell density-dependent activities that are achieved by sensing of the signaling molecules and subsequent signal transduction to the master regulators. These well-known bacterial regulatory systems regulate the expression of diverse virulence factors and the construction of biofilms in pathogenic bacteria. There have been numerous studies designed to control bacterial quorum sensing by using small molecules to antagonize the quorum-sensing regulatory components or to interfere with the signaling molecules. In the present study, we showed that the quorum-sensing regulatory circuits of pathogenic Vibrio species were deactivated by heat shock treatment via highly increased proteolysis of the master transcription factors. Our results showed a new mode of quorum deactivation which can be achieved under conditions of high but nonlethal temperature even if the ambient signaling molecules may reach the levels representing high cell density.KEYWORDS ClpPA, Lon, quorum-sensing master regulators, Vibrio species B iofilms provide advantages for the survival of pathogens against a variety of stresses, including host defense, resulting in increased potential for pathogenicity in host environments. In cases of Vibrio vulnificus infection causing primary septicemia and gastroenteritis in humans (1, 2), mutant strains that were unable to form mature biofilms had severely impaired virulence in a mouse model (3,4). Polysaccharides in the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) of V. vulnificus biofilms, which are produced in a stage-specific manner during the biofilm formation process, are critical for the successful completion of a stage or for the transition to the next stage. Thus, the ability of V. vulnificus to form biofilms is accompanied by the timely production of polysaccharides, such as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5) at the initial stage, at least three kinds of

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“…The baseline of intestinal temperature has been measured at about 37 °C [ 21 ], which can rise to about 40 °C with exercise [ 22 ]. To characterize the effect of temperature on the activity and the structural stability of the intestinal disaccharidases, we determined the thermal activity and thermal stability profiles of these enzymes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Mucosal Disaccharidases from Human Intestine

Amiri¹,

Naim²

2017

Nutrients

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In this study, we used a brush border membrane (BBM) preparation from human small intestine to analyze the proportion and the activity of major intestinal disaccharidases, including sucrase-isomaltase (SI), maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH). SI, MGAM and LPH respectively constituted 8.2%, 2.7% and 1.4% of total BBM protein. The activity of SI and LPH decreased threefold after purification from the brush border membrane, which highlights the effect of membrane microdomains on the functional capacity of these enzymes. All of the disaccharidases showed optimal activity at pH 6, over 50% residual activity between pH 5 to pH 7, and increasing activity with rising temperatures up to 45 °C, along with a stable functional structure. Therefore the enzymes can withstand mild intraluminal pH alterations with adequate function, and are able to increase their activity with elevated core body temperature. Our data provide a functional measure for characterization of intestinal disaccharidases under different physiological and pathological conditions.

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Intestinal Temperature, Heart Rate, and Hydration Status in Multiday Trail Runners

Abstract: This study provides evidence in support of the contention that maximum T(intest) is more closely related to metabolic rate during trail running than percent dehydration. The findings do not support an increase in core body temperature with a change in serum osmolality or body mass.

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Wearing Compression Stockings on Recovery After Mild Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Effect of Wearing Compression Stockings on Recovery After Mild Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Role of Heat Shock Proteases in Quorum-Sensing-Mediated Regulation of Biofilm Formation by Vibrio Species

Characterization of Mucosal Disaccharidases from Human Intestine

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