Intestinal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in Children: No Evidence for Infectious Potential

Nogueira, Filomena; Obrova, Klara; Haas, Meryl; Tucek, Evelyn; Kosulin, Karin; Fortschegger, Michaela; Fürhacker, Paola; Walter, Christina; Größlinger, Lisa; Peter, Susanne; Hassan, Julia Othman; Probst, Martin; Salzer, Hans; Lion, Thomas

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010033

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Studies excluded on full-text screening). Finally, we included 13 studies with a total of 1625 participants [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further study from India described a multicenter cohort study involving 55 patients (55 samples) attending hospitals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between May 2020 and August 2021 [29]. A study from three clinical centres in Austria reported data on 206 hospitalised children diagnosed between December 2020 and June 2021 [30]. A study from Denmark reported data on 28 patients diagnosed between October 23, 2020, and March 17, 2021 [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oro-faecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of studies employing viral culture from gastrointestinal and other potential sources

Gandini,

Conly,

Spencer

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundThe extent to which the oro-faecal route contributes to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not established.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the evidence on the presence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and other gastrointestinal sources by examining studies that used viral culture to investigate the presence of replication-competent virus in these samples. We conducted searches in the WHO Covid-19 Database, LitCovid, medRxiv, and Google Scholar for SARS-CoV-2 using keywords and associated synonyms, with a search date up to 28th of November 2023.ResultsWe included 13 studies involving 328 COVID-19 subjects - providing 314 faecal or rectal swab SARS-CoV2 positive samples tested also with viral culture. The methods used for viral culture across the studies were heterogeneous. Three studies (2 cohorts and 1 case-series) reported observing replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and whole genome sequencing, and qPCR including appropriate cycle threshold changes. Overall, six (1.9%) of 314 faecal samples subjected to cell culture showed replication-competent virus. One study found replication competent samples from one immunocompromised patient. No studies were identified demonstrating direct evidence of oro-faecal transmission to humans.ConclusionsOur review found a relatively low frequency of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in faecal and other gastrointestinal sources. Although it is biologically plausible, more research is needed, using standardized cell culture methods, control groups, adequate follow-up and robust epidemiologic methods, including whether secondary infections occurred, to determine the role of the oro-faecal route in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Studies excluded on full-text screening). Finally, we included 13 studies with a total of 1625 participants [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oro-faecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of studies employing viral culture from gastrointestinal and other potential sources

Gandini,

Conly,

Spencer

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…How SARS-CoV-2 can promote NEC in neonates is still unclear, but we can hypothesize that the high affinity of the virus for the gut mucosa may have a role in such a process [108][109][110][111]. According to the most recent studies, the virus may induce a strong paracrine activation involving the release of certain enteric hormones able to promote intestinal functions (i.e., vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)) after binding with ACE2 receptors of the intestinal mucosa, as well as an intense local immune response [112][113][114][115][116][117][118]. Noteworthily, during the last decade, some clinical trials have been started to evaluate the therapeutic potential of colostrum to prevent and treat the risk of NEC in preterm and very low-birth-weight infants [119][120][121][122][123].…”

Section: The Role Of Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Sepsis

Jirillo,

Topi,

Charitos

et al. 2024

Gastrointestinal Disorders

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A severe condition of sepsis can be a complication of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can occur in premature infants and becomes a medical challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is a multifactorial intestinal disease (can affect both the small and large intestine) that can lead to ischemia of the intestinal tissues that evolves into acute organ necrosis. One of these factors is that different types of nutrition can influence the onset or the progression of the disease. Cow-milk-based infant formulas have been shown to cause it in premature infants more frequently than human milk. Recently, nutrition has been shown to be beneficial after surgery. Several issues still under study, such as the pathogenesis and the insufficient and often difficult therapeutic approach, as well as the lack of a common and effective prevention strategy, make this disease an enigma in daily clinical practice. Recent studies outlined the emerging role of the host immune system and resident gut microbiota, showing their close connection in NEC pathophysiology. In its initial stages, broad-spectrum antibiotics, bowel rest, and breastfeeding are currently used, as well as probiotics to help the development of the intestinal microbiota and its eubiosis. This paper aims to present the current knowledge and potential fields of research in NEC pathophysiology and therapeutic assessment.

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Detection of viable SARS-CoV-2 on the hands of hospitalized children with COVID-19

Haas

Fürhacker

Hodek

et al. 2023

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Intestinal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in Children: No Evidence for Infectious Potential

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Oro-faecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of studies employing viral culture from gastrointestinal and other potential sources

Oro-faecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of studies employing viral culture from gastrointestinal and other potential sources

Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Sepsis

Detection of viable SARS-CoV-2 on the hands of hospitalized children with COVID-19

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