Intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria in a wide range of vertebrate species

Klaasen, H. L. B. M.; Koopman, J. P.; Brink, Monique; Bakker, Marinka A.H.; Poelma, F. G. J.; Beynen, A.C.

doi:10.1258/002367793780810441

Cited by 120 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A complex microbial community was insufficient for generating a robust population of Th17 cells in the gut of SPF mice lacking SFB (9, 10) and gnotobiotic mice colonized long term with human fecal contents (42). Although SFB has been detected in multiple vertebrate species (43), there exists only sparse evidence of a related microbe colonizing humans (43)(44)(45)(46). A recent study showed that a consortium of 20 symbionts from the feces of an IBD patient could induce Th17 cells in mice but failed to identify the active microbes in healthy people (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying species of symbiont bacteria from the human gut that, alone, can induce intestinal Th17 cells in mice

Tan

Sefik

Geva‐Zatorsky

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

349

287

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Th17 cells accrue in the intestine in response to particular microbes. In rodents, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) induce intestinal Th17 cells, but analogously functioning microbes in humans remain undefined. Here, we identified human symbiont bacterial species, in particular Bifidobacterium adolescentis, that could, alone, induce Th17 cells in the murine intestine. Similar to SFB, B. adolescentis was closely associated with the gut epithelium and engendered cognate Th17 cells without attendant inflammation. However, B. adolescentis elicited a transcriptional program clearly distinct from that of SFB, suggesting an alternative mechanism of promoting Th17 cell accumulation. Inoculation of mice with B. adolescentis exacerbated autoimmune arthritis in the K/BxN mouse model. Several off-the-shelf probiotic preparations that include Bifidobacterium strains also drove intestinal Th17 cell accumulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying species of symbiont bacteria from the human gut that, alone, can induce intestinal Th17 cells in mice

Tan

Sefik

Geva‐Zatorsky

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

349

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Specific sugar expression on the surface of the most luminal portions of mucosa throughout the rat alimentary tract in long, coccal-or rod-shaped chains between the intestinal villi of the lower part of small intestine, but never in the upper alimentary tract of rats [35]. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), provisionally named Candidatus arthromitus [41], are apathogenic indigenous bacteria that colonize the lower alimentary canals, but never the upper alimentary tract of a wide range of animal species, including rats [25,27]. On the other hand, various bacterial species can bind to specific sugars on the host mucosal surface using bacterial surface lectins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lectin Histochemical Detection of Special Sugars on the Mucosal Surfaces of the Rat Alimentary Tract

Yamamoto

Yokoo

et al. 2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Surfaces of the most luminal positions of mucosae are fundamental settlement sites of indigenous bacteria throughout the rat alimentary tract. In these positions, also epithelial cell-shedding sites, the special sugar expression in the glycocalyx is very important as it provides possible ligands of bacterial lectins for attachment to epithelial cells. Therefore, the sugar expression in glycocalyx of epithelial cells was lectin-histochemically surveyed using 21 lectins throughout the rat alimentary tract. From the tongue to the nonglandular part of the stomach, -D-Man, -D-Glc and -D-GalNAc were detected on the surface of the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. In the glandular part of the stomach,(1-4)GlcNAc and bisected triantennary N-glycans were detected on the surface of gastric superficial epithelial cells. From the duodenum to the ileum, (GlcNAc) 2-4 was expressed exclusively on the epithelial cells in the apical portions of the intestinal villi. From the cecum to the rectum,GalNAc) n and NeuNAc were expressed on the intestinal superficial epithelial cells. These results suggest that special sugars are expressed on the most luminal portions of mucosae as exclusive epithelial cell-shedding sites, and that sugar expression differs among the various segments of the alimentary tract. These site differences might reflect differences in resident bacterial species in the rat alimentary tract.KEY WORDS: alimentary tract, indigenous bacteria, lectin histochemistry, rat, sugar expression.

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“…SFB have been found in about 20 vertebrate animals, including humans. and several invertebrate species (10,11). The presence of SFB with characteristic rRNA sequences in chickens, mice, and rats indicates that there has been coevolution of the SFB and their hosts, but comparisons of sequences of SFB from a greater number of animals will be required to confirm this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 16S rRNA Sequences of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Isolated from Mice, Rats, and Chickens and Proposal of "Candidatus Arthromitus"

Snel

Heinen²,

Blok³

et al. 1995

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

153

122

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Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are nonpathogenic bacteria that are commonly found attached to the intestinal walls of many animals. Until now, these bacteria have not been cultured in vitro. Recently, a 16s rRNA sequence analysis revealed that SFB isolated from mice represent a distinct subline within the Cfostridium subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria. Since SFB isolated from mice, rats, and chickens are known to be host specific, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among SFB obtained from these three hosts.Total DNAs from the intestinal floras of chickens and rats were used as templates for PCR amplification of 16s rRNA genes. PCR products were cloned and screened by a dot blot hybridization procedure to identify homologous sequences that cross-reacted with mouse SFB-specific oligonucleotide probes. A phylogenetic analysis of these 16s ribosomal DNA sequences revealed that SFB isolated from these three hosts form a natural group, which is peripherally related to the genus Cfostridiurn sensu strict0 (group I Cfostridiurn). The SFB obtained from chickens, rats, and mice had closely related, albeit different, 16s rRNA gene sequences. The observed levels of 16s rRNA sequence divergence, ca. 1.5 to 3%, together with host specificity, suggest that SFB isolated from mice, rats, and chickens represent different species and that coevolution of the SFB and their hosts occurred. "Candidatus Arthromitus" is proposed as the provisional generic name for this group of organisms.The small intestines of many animals (e.g., mice, rats, pigs, and other mammals, as well as chickens, amphibians, and insects) are inhabited by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), which are also referred to as long segmented filamentous organisms (reviewed in reference 10). These bacteria cannot be cultured in vitro and do not have official taxonomic names. Until recently, SFB could be recognized only on the basis of their morphology and their ecological niches. In intestines, these gram-positive, endospore-forming organisms are attached via holdfasts to the epithelial walls. In rodents, colonization by SFB is restricted to the ileum (4). In birds, SFB are also found in the ceca (9). No pathologic effects of SFB have been found, even in immunodeficient animals. SFB found in different animal species are morphologically very similar. However, attempts to transfer bacteria from one host species to another have revealed that SFB found in mice, rats, and chickens exhibit host specificity (1, 13, 21). It is not known if SFB that inhabit different hosts are taxonomically closely related or whether they belong to different species.In a recent study, the 16s rRNA-encoding gene sequence of SFB obtained from mice was determined (19). This study was greatly facilitated by the use of a monoculture of these organisms in formerly germfree mice (12). A comparative 16s rRNA * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Central Animal Laboratory, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, 'The Netherlands. analysis revealed that th...

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Intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria in a wide range of vertebrate species

Cited by 120 publications

References 20 publications

Identifying species of symbiont bacteria from the human gut that, alone, can induce intestinal Th17 cells in mice

Identifying species of symbiont bacteria from the human gut that, alone, can induce intestinal Th17 cells in mice

Lectin Histochemical Detection of Special Sugars on the Mucosal Surfaces of the Rat Alimentary Tract

Comparison of 16S rRNA Sequences of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Isolated from Mice, Rats, and Chickens and Proposal of "Candidatus Arthromitus"

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