Intestinal Phytase and Alkaline Phosphatase of Chicks: Influence of Dietary Calcium, Inorganic and Phytate Phosphorus and Vitamin D3

Abstract

A S indicated in reviews by Taylor • (1965) and Nelson (1967) data are incomplete and often conflicting in regard to the influence of dietary factors on the extent to which chicks are able to utilize phytin phosphorus. Maddaiah et al. (1964) were unable to relate supplementation with dicalcium phosphate, or calcium or sodium phytates to intestinal phytase activity in the chick or the rat. Balance studies have shown (Pileggi et al., 19SS) that in the rat high dietary Ca lowered phytate hydrolysis; vitamin D 3 reversed this effect but the inorganic phosphorus liberated by the treatment was inadequate to prevent rickets. It has also been demonstrated that dietary vitamin D 3 increases the level of phytase activity in both chicks and rats (Steenbock et al., 1953, for chicks and rats, Pileggi et al., 1955, and Roberts et al., 1961, especially when rachitogenic rations were fed. On the other hand, Spitzer et al. (1948) reported that vitamin D had no effect on intestinal phytase in rats receiving slightly less than optimum phosphorus.The present paper contains observations on the properties of intestinal phytase in vitro which were employed in devising a quantitative assay procedure. The effects of dietary calcium, inorganic and phytate phosphorus and vitamin D 3 ori phytase and alkaline phosphatase of chick intestinal mucosa are presented. Data which suggest

Inositol Phosphates and Phytic Acid as Inhibitors of Biological Calcification in the Rat

“…If similar mechanisms were involved in preventing mineralization in the two types of experiment, this could imply that the injected phytate was converted by the recipient animal into one or more products potent as inhibitors. The enzyme phytase, which converts phytate into inositol and orthophosphate, has been demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa of the rat (Steenbock, , 1953;Pileggi, DeLuca & Steenbock, 1955) and chick (Davies, Ritcey & Motzok, 1970). Intermediate products of the action of phytase (Desjobert & Petek, 1956;Tomlinson & Ballou, 1962) and also of the acid hydrolysis of phytic acid (Desjobert & Petek, 1956;Cosgrove, 1962), include the mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-and pentaphosphate esters of inositol.…”

Vitamin D3 requirement of young chicks receiving diets varying in calcium and available phosphorus

“…Waldroup et al (1965) observed similar responses to higher amounts of D 3 in chicks fed on P-de cient maize-soyabean meal diets. It is well established that D3 functions not only in Pi absorption (Wasserman and Taylor, 1973) but in release of Pi from phytate (Pileggi et al, 1955;Davies et al, 1970;Mohammed et al, 1991). This probably occurs because higher doses of D3 result in increased synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, [1,25-(OH)2 D3] the active metabolite of D3.…”

Absence d'effet de la vitamine D sur la phytase et la phosphatase alcaline intestinales : relation avec l'absorption du phosphore phytique chez le porc

“…sont susceptibles d'intervenir dans l'hydrolyse des phytates (McCuaig et Motzok, 1972 ;Davies, Ritcey et Motzok, 1970 ; Flett, 1978) et dans l'absorption du phosphore (Shirazi, Beechey et Butterworth, 1981 ; Ulmann, 1982 ;Kempson et a/., 1979 ;Birge et Avioli, 19811. Chez le rat ou le poulet, l'activité de l'une et l'autre enzymes augmente avec l'apport de vitamine D tant in vivo (Steenbock et a/., 1953 ; Pileggi, De Luca et Steenbock, 1955 ; Davies, Ritcey et Motzok, 1970 ;Roberts et Yudkins, 1961 ;Bhandari, 1980 ;Valinietse et Bauman, 1984) qu'in vitro (Peterlik et Wasserman, 1980 ;Chan et Atkins, 1983 ; Haussler, Nagode et Rasmussen, 1970 ;Bikle et al, 1979 ; Lacour, 1979). Certains auteurs (Bachelet, Lacour et Ulmann, 1982 ; Birge et Avioli, 1981) attribuent un rôle à la phosphatase alcaline dans le transport du phosphore à travers la muqueuse intestinale du fait d'une part de l'existence de substances inhibitrices communes (Haussler, Nagode et Rasmussen, 1970 ; Ulmann, 1982) (Pointillart, Fontaine et Thomasset, 1984b (Garabedian, 1984), le 25(OH)D (méthode de Preece et al, 1974).…”