Intestinal permeability: An overview

Bjarnason, Ingvar; Macpherson, Andrew J.; Hollander, Daniel

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(95)90708-4

Cited by 841 publications

(728 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…These values were lower than recovery of D-X in urine from veal calves during the first 6 post-prandial hours only (26% of intake; Lallès et al, 1995). These recoveries question the completeness of digestive absorption and urinary excretion of monosaccharides (Bjarnason et al, 1995). In addition, dehydration associated with ruminal drinking (Herrli-Gygi et al, 2008) may decrease the volume of urine, inducing irregular emptying of the bladder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Labussière

Berends

Gilbert

et al. 2014

Animal

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In milk-fed calves, quantification of the milk that enters the rumen (ruminal milk volume, RMV) because of malfunction of the esophageal groove reflex may explain part of the variability observed between animals in their growth performance. The RMV can directly be quantified by adding an indigestible marker to the diet and measuring its recovery in the rumen at slaughter, but this technique cannot be repeated in time in the same animal. The objective of the study was to evaluate three indirect methods for estimating RMV. The first method was based on the assumption that ruminal drinking delays and limits acetaminophen appearance in blood after ingestion of milk supplemented with acetaminophen. The second method was based on a negative linear relationship between RMV and urinary recovery of non-metabolizable monosaccharides (3-O-methylglucose, L-rhamnose and D-xylose) added to the milk, owing to rumen fermentation. In the third method, RMV was calculated as the difference between total milk intake and the increase in abomasal milk volume (AMV) at feeding, measured through ultrasonography shortly after feeding, or estimated from the mathematical extrapolation of AMV to feeding time, based on consecutive measurements. These methods were tested in three experiments where calves (n = 22, 10 and 13) were bucket fed or partly tube fed (i.e. by inserting milk replacer into the rumen via a tube to mimic ruminal drinking). In addition, Co-EDTA and Cr-EDTA were used as an indigestible marker in one experiment to trace bucket-fed or tube-fed milk replacer, respectively, to measure RMV. The relationship between AMV measured by ultrasonography and AMV measured at slaughter improved when kinetics of AMV were extrapolated to the time of slaughter by mathematical modeling (error between predicted and measured AMV equaled 0.49 l). With this technique, RMV during feeding averaged 17% and 24% of intake in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Plasma acetaminophen kinetics and recovery of non-metabolizable monosaccharides in urine were partly associated with ruminal drinking, but these techniques are not considered quantitatively accurate without further information of rumen degradation and absorption. The recovery of indigestible marker measured at slaughter gave a quantitative estimate of RMV (2% in Experiment 3), but improper measurement of emptying rate of fluid from the rumen may lead to underestimation. In conclusion, measuring changes in AMV by ultrasonography, in response to milk feeding, was the most promising indirect method to quantify RMV in veal calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Labussière

Berends

Gilbert

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…It is known that the subtle regulation of the IEB is profoundly deranged in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) (5). Therefore, changes of IEB play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD.…”

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confidence: 99%

The glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor: a novel regulator of intestinal barrier function in health and disease

Meir

Flemming

Burkard

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a differentiated process, which is profoundly deranged in inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent data provide evidence that the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is critically involved in intestinal epithelial wound healing and barrier maturation and exerts antiapoptotic effects under certain conditions. Furthermore, not only the enteric nervous system, but also enterocytes synthesize GDNF in significant amounts, which points to a potential para- or autocrine signaling loop between enterocytes. Apart from direct effects of GDNF on enterocytes, an immunomodulatory role of this protein has been previously assumed because of a significant reduction of inflammation in a model of chronic inflammatory bowel disease after application of GDNF. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of GDNF on intestinal epithelial barrier regulation and discuss the novel role for GDNF as a regulator of intestinal barrier functions in health and disease.

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“…Previous studies indicate the safety and usefulness of the lactulose/mannitol intestinal permeability test to assess gut function in hospitalized patients [23,24]. In this study, 10 grams of lactulose and 5 grams mannitol were mixed in 200 ml distilled water.…”

Section: Intestinal Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sugar solution was instilled via the feeding tube over 5 minutes and subject's urine samples were collected for the subsequent 5 hours. The urinary excretion of lactulose and mannitol were determined using HPLC by Dr. John Meddings (University of Alberta) and the ratio of urinary lactulose and mannitol concentration calculated as the index of intestinal permeability [23,24].…”

Section: Intestinal Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic effects of enteral versus parenteral alanyl-glutamine dipeptide administration in critically ill patients receiving enteral feeding: A pilot study

et al. 2008

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Intestinal permeability: An overview

Cited by 841 publications

References 149 publications

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

The glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor: a novel regulator of intestinal barrier function in health and disease

Metabolic effects of enteral versus parenteral alanyl-glutamine dipeptide administration in critically ill patients receiving enteral feeding: A pilot study

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