Intestinal parasitism—protozoa and helminths—in primates at the Barcelona Zoo

Gómez, M. S.; Gracenea, Mercedes; Montoliu, Isabel; Feliú, Carlos; Monleón, Antonio; Fernández, Jesús A.; Enseñat, Conrad

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.1996.tb00038.x

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…All the parasite species identified in our study have previously been described in both captive and free ranging NHP (Gómez et al, 1996;Ashford and Wrangham, 2000;Legesse and Erko, 2004). Protozoa were most prevalent, which confirms the findings of other studies performed in captive NHP (Gómez et al, 1996;Verweij et al, 2003a). The occurrence of these parasites can be explained by the simplicity of their lifecycle, because they need no intermediate hosts and are immediately infective when excreted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Gastrointestinal protozoa in non-human primates of four zoological gardens in Belgium

Levecke

Dorny

Geurden

et al. 2007

Veterinary Parasitology

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Gastrointestinal parasites are important infectious causes of diarrhoea in captive non-human primates (NHP). However, prevalence data of gastrointestinal parasites in zoological gardens are scarce. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in NHP of four zoological gardens in Belgium. Between August 2004 and April 2006, 910 faecal samples were collected from 222 animals housed in 39 groups. The 31 species involved were representatives of prosimians, New World (NW) monkeys, Old World (OW) monkeys and apes. Because individual sampling was impossible, a statistical simulation was performed to estimate a sufficient sample size. All samples were microscopically examined after an acetic acid-ether concentration. Differences in host species susceptibility were examined by non-parametric tests. Entamoeba spp. (44%) and Giardia spp. (41%) were the most prevalent species. Other parasites detected were Endolimax nana (36%), Chilomastix mesnili (21%), Balantidium coli (13%), Trichuris spp. (10%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (5%) and Strongyloides spp. (5%). Parasites for which a significant difference in susceptibility at the level of host taxonomy was noted were Entamoeba spp. ( p < 0.001) and C. mesnili ( p < 0.05). Samples containing Entamoeba spp. were the most prevalent in OW monkeys ( p < 0.0083). Samples collected from OW monkeys contained the highest number of parasite species ( p < 0.0083).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, as a consequence of regular deworming and hygienic measures helminth infections are uncommon in captive NHP (Gómez et al, 1996;Verweij et al, 2003a). In contrast, protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica (Pang et al, 1993;Verweij et al, 2003a), Giardia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal protozoa in non-human primates of four zoological gardens in Belgium

Levecke

Dorny

Geurden

et al. 2007

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…and Chilomastix sp. are nonpathogenic (Bowman et al 1999;Gómez et al 1996;Hegner 1928;Levine 1970Levine , 1973Rijksen 1978). All the other parasites can become pathogenic when the host defense mechanism fails as a result of stress, pregnancy, poor physical condition, old age, or disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors examined free-ranging and semicaptive orangutans in Sumatra, Borneo and Malaysia (Collet et al 1986;Djojosudharmo and Gibson 1993;Djojoasmoro and Purnomo 1998;Kilbourn et al 2003;Rijksen 1978;Warren 2001;Frazier-Taylor et al 1984, unpublished;Moresco-Pimentel, unpublished). We obtained captive orangutan data from zoos in the United States (Cummings et al 1973), in Java, Indonesia (Collet et al 1986), Spain (Gómez et al 1996), and Borneo, Indonesia (Djojoasmoro and Purnomo 1998;Warren 2001). The results of the studies in Table I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Parasites of Free-ranging, Semicaptive,and Captive Pongo abelii in Sumatra, Indonesia

et al. 2007

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We collected fecal samples from 32 free-ranging, 19 semicaptive, and 54 captive Sumatran orangutans on Sumatra from 1998 until 2004 and screened them for gastrointestinal parasites. Our objectives were to compare the intestinal parasites of free-ranging, semicaptive, and captive orangutans and to evaluate the risk of parasite transmission in orangutan reintroduction programs. We identified 4 genera of Protozoa, 7 genera of nematodes, 1 trematode sp., and 1 cestode sp. The prevalence of Balantidium coli in free-ranging orangutans was significantly higher than in captive individuals. However, the prevalence of Strongyloides sp. was higher in captive than in free-ranging orangutans. Free-ranging female orangutans had a significantly higher total prevalence of intestinal parasites than that of males. We found no significant difference between parasite prevalences in different age groups. Compared to gorillas and chimpanzees, orangutans carry a smaller variety of protozoan and nematode species. Strongyloides sp. infections form the highest risk in reintroduction programs as crowding, ground-dwelling, and poor hygiene in captive and semicaptive orangutans may cause a constant reinfection.

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“…Annelids, helminths, and protozoa have parasite representatives in man, apes and monkeys. However, regular health services such as hygienic and deworming measures have had to low prevalence of helminths infection in non-human primates (Gomez et al;1996, Verwaijet et al;2003). Protozoa parasite such Entamoeba histolytica, Gardia sp, Cryptosporidium sp and Balantidium coli are frequently reported in non-human primate, apes and monkeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Chimpanzees and Drill Monkeys in Drill Ranch, Calabar, Cross River State-Nigeria

Akpan¹,

Abraham²,

Ekwetiong³

2010

Afr. Res. Rev.

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Intestinal parasitism—protozoa and helminths—in primates at the Barcelona Zoo

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Gastrointestinal protozoa in non-human primates of four zoological gardens in Belgium

Gastrointestinal protozoa in non-human primates of four zoological gardens in Belgium

Intestinal Parasites of Free-ranging, Semicaptive,and Captive Pongo abelii in Sumatra, Indonesia

Survey of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Chimpanzees and Drill Monkeys in Drill Ranch, Calabar, Cross River State-Nigeria

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