Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Pregnant Women in Venezuela

Rodríguez‐Morales, Alfonso J.; Barbella, Rosa; Case, Cynthia; Arria, Melissa; Ravelo, Marisela; Perez, Henry; Urdaneta, Oscar; Gervasio, Gloria; Rubio, Nestor; Maldonado, Andrea; Aguilera, Ymora; Viloria, Anna; Blanco, Juan José Ríos; Colina, Magdary; Hernández, Elizabeth; Araujo, Elianet; Cabaniel, Gilberto; Benitez, Jesús; Rifakis, Pedro M.

doi:10.1155/idog/2006/23125

Cited by 80 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…In a study in Ghana (Fuseini et al 2010), 23.0% of mothers, who had mild anemia (mean Hb010.02), were infected with one or two of the following helminths: Schistosoma mansoni (12.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.7%), hookworm (7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (2.3%) and Trichostrongylus (0.7%). Another study in Venezuela (Rodríguez-Morales et al 2006) showed a significant risk for anemia in those women with intestinal parasitosis (73.9%); namely A. lumbricoides (57.0%), Trichuris trichiura (36.0%), Giardia lamblia (14.1%), Entamoeba histolytica (12.0%), Necator americanus (8.1%), Enterobius vermicularis (6.3%), and S. stercoralis (3.3%). Also, a study performed by Weigel et al (1996), on the lower class urban Ecuadorian population, showed decreased maternal serum Hb, hematocrit levels, and IDA in cases of chronic intestinal parasitic infection Although evidence from the current work and others showed an association between Blastocystis infection and IDA, the causal mechanism responsible remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The most common cause of anemia in pregnancy worldwide is iron deficiency (Broek and Letsky 2000;Nyuke and Letsky 2000). In fact, iron losses due to various parasitic infections were reported to increase anemia in pregnant women (Dreyfuss et al 2000;Rodríguez-Morales et al 2006;Ayoya et al 2006;Fuseini et al 2010). Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to develop IDA (Ansari et al 2009) because iron needs during pregnancy are very high; three to four times the iron needs of non-pregnant women, to meet the requirements for the fetus, placenta, and maternal red cell expansion (Hallberg 1988;Zavaleta et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blastocystis hominis as a contributing risk factor for development of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women

2011

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Intestinal parasitic infection increases the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess Blastocystis hominis as a contributing risk factor for development of IDA in pregnant women. A total of 200 fecal specimens from 120 pregnant women with IDA (mean Hb = 9.6 g/dl), and 80 non-anemic controls were examined for Blastocystis. Fecal specimens were examined by the formalin/ethyl-acetate concentration technique, iron hematoxylin staining, modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, and by the in vitro cultivation technique for Blastocystis. Frequency of Blastocystis infection, detected microscopically and by the in vitro culture technique, was significantly higher in IDA study group (n = 48; 40%) compared to non-anemic controls (n = 5; 6.3%; P < 0.0001), and 26.5% (n = 53) in all study subjects. Among the 48 cases, Blastocystis without other intestinal parasitic infections was detected in 41 cases (34.2%), while seven cases (5.8%) with Blastocystis were coinfected with other intestinal parasites which included Giardia and Cryptosporidium (1.7% each), and Entamoeba sp., Ascaris, and Trichuris (0.8% each). The mean Hb level of the 48 Blastocystis-infected cases was 9.2 g/dl (mild anemia). While the other 72 IDA cases with no infection had mean Hb of 10.0 g/dl (mild anemia), with a significant difference in mean Hb level between Blastocystis-infected and the non-infected IDA cases (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, among the 48 Blastocystis-infected IDA cases, the mean Hb of the 41 Blastocystis-infected cases without other intestinal parasitic co-infection was 9.1 g/dl (mild anemia), while the mean Hb level of the 7 Blastocystis-infected cases with other intestinal parasitic co-infection was 8.7 g/dl (moderate anemia). Findings of the current study showed that B. hominis infection contributes to the development of IDA in pregnant women. Hence, parasitological diagnostic tests are recommended in routine examination at all antenatal clinics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocystis hominis as a contributing risk factor for development of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women

2011

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“…In this clinical study pregnant women (n= 1038 ) from nine states were included and evaluated and the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was evidenced in 73.9%: A lumbricoides 57.0%, T trichiura 36.0%, G lamblia 14.1%, E hystolitica 12.0%, N americanus 8.1%, E vermicularis 6.3%, S stercoralis 3.3%. Relative risk for anemia in those women with intestinal parasitosis was 2.56 (P <0.01) 76 . One cross-sectional community based study conducted on pregnant women (n=388) living in three districts around Gilgel Gibe Dam area, southwestern Ethiopia showed that, those pregnant women who had a habit of walking bare foot had high anemia prevalence (57.8%).…”

Section: Hookworm Infectionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia and Its Management: A Review

Tsegaye¹,

Tesfaye²

2014

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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Anemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries and is a common and serious problem in pregnancy. It has serious short-and long-term consequences during pregnancy and beyond. This fundamental health issue has not still been solved but continues to exist affecting the health, quality of life and working capacity in billions of people all over the world. The anemic condition is often worsened by the presence of other chronic diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and diabetes. Untreated anemia also leads to increased morbidity and mortality from these chronic conditions as well. Current knowledge indicates that iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is a risk factor for preterm delivery and subsequent low birth weight, and possibly for inferior neonatal health. Even for women who enter pregnancy with reasonable iron stores, iron supplements improve iron status during pregnancy and for a considerable length of time postpartum, thus providing some protection against iron deficiency in the subsequent pregnancy. This literature review focuses on the prevalence and major causes of anemia seen on a global & Ethiopian scale. Most cases of anemia are due to iron deficiency, which often work in combination with folate deficiency and/or vitamin B12 deficiency as well as with infections. More efforts should be dedicated to tackle this massive problem-we have the tools and we know the ways. Iron fortification of appropriate food items combined with iron supplements in specific population groups has proved to be efficient. Initially, the efforts should be centered on the specific risk groups for iron deficiency anemia, i.e. pregnant women.

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“…Some of the common intestinal parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hook worm), Trichuris trichiura (whip worm) and Enterobius vermicularis are responsible for considerable morbidity in young and adult population (Koneman et al 1997). Most of the population chronically affected with these intestinal parasites and are responsible to increased risk for iron-deficiency anaemia, nutritional anaemia, proteinenergy malnutrition, growth deficits in children, low pregnancy weight gain and intrauterine growth retardation followed by low birth weight (Stephenson 1994;Sackey et al 2003;Rodriguez-Morales et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasitic infection in Bhil tribe of Rajasthan, India

Choubisa¹,

Jaroli²,

Choubisa

et al. 2012

J Parasit Dis

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A total of 224 Bhil tribal individuals (115 males and 109 females) of different age groups inhabiting tribal rural areas of Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India were investigated for the prevalence of intestinal parasitic (protozoan and helminths) infections. Fresh stool samples of these tribal subjects were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline and 1 % Lugol's iodine and formaline ether concentration. Of these 116 (51.78 %) were found to be infected with diverse species of intestinal parasites. Male individuals showed relatively higher (56.52 %) prevalence of infection as compared to their counterparts (46.78 %). Out of 116 infected tribal subjects, 53 (23.66 %), 33 (14.73 %) and 30 (13.39 %) were infected with protozoan, helminths and mixed (protozoan ? helminths) parasitic infections, respectively. Maximum number of parasitic infections occurred in the age group of 6-10 years (69.23 %) in both sexes. Among the intestinal parasites, Entamoeba histolytica was the commonest (14.73 %) followed by Entamoeba coli (8.92 %), Taenia solium (5.35 %), Ascaris lumbricoides (4.46 %), Hymenolepis nana (2.23 %), Ancylostoma duodenale (0.89 %), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.89 %), Trichuris trichiura (0.44 %) and Hymenolepis diminuta (0.44 %). Data pertaining to distribution of parasite species in different age groups, and variation in prevalence of their infection in relation to age and sex were also analysed statistically and found to be significant. Possible causes for variation in prevalence of protozoan and helminthic infection are discussed.

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Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Pregnant Women in Venezuela

Cited by 80 publications

References 15 publications

Blastocystis hominis as a contributing risk factor for development of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women

Blastocystis hominis as a contributing risk factor for development of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women

Prevalence of Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia and Its Management: A Review

Intestinal parasitic infection in Bhil tribe of Rajasthan, India

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