Intestinal paracellular permeability during malnutrition in guinea pigs: effect of high dietary zinc.

Rodrı́guez, P.; Darmon, Nicole; Chappuis, P.; Candalh, Céline; Blaton, Marie-Agnès; Bouchaud, C.; Heyman, Martine

doi:10.1136/gut.39.3.416

Cited by 93 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, zinc deficiency may adversely affect intestinal permeability in malnourished animals. M alnutrition causes increased intestinal permeability to small solutes in guinea pigs [23]. This abnormality can be prevented by treating malnourished animals with pharmacologic doses of zinc.…”

Section: How Does Zinc Deficiency Cause Diarrhea?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and intestinal function

Semrad

1999

Curr Gastroenterol Rep

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Zinc is an abundant trace element in the human body that is essential for growth and development and immune function. It is important for the formation of biomembranes and zinc finger motifs found in DNA transcription factors and has catalytic function in metalloenzymes. The intestine is the site of zinc absorption and the major route of zinc excretion. Dietary inadequacy or conditions that decrease zinc absorption or increase its losses from the gastrointestinal tract, urine, or skin may quickly cause zinc deficiency due to the limited availability of rapidly exchangeable zinc pools in the body. Diarrhea is both a sign and a cause of zinc deficiency. The mechanism by which zinc deficiency causes diarrhea is not known. At this time, there is no readily available sensitive test for the detection of zinc deficiency, and therefore clinical suspicion remains the main mode of detection. In some individuals with diarrheal disease, zinc supplementation lessens diarrhea. Those receiving prolonged supplemental zinc therapy need to be monitored for copper deficiency.

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Section: How Does Zinc Deficiency Cause Diarrhea?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and intestinal function

Semrad

1999

Curr Gastroenterol Rep

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“…Dietary zinc is required for normal intestinal barrier function (Alam et al, 1994), and supplemental zinc improves integrity characteristics in a variety of experimental models and human bowel diseases (Alam et al, 1994;Rodriguez et al, 1996;Sturniolo et al, 2001;Lambert et al, 2003;Zhang and Guo, 2009). The aforementioned beneficial effects of dietary zinc on bowel pathologies led us to hypothesize that supplemental dietary zinc would alleviate the decrease in intestinal integrity observed in pigs during HS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary zinc effectively prevents or improves the loss of intestinal integrity during malnutrition (Rodriguez et al, 1996), ethanol-induced intestinal damage (Lambert et al, 2003), chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Sturniolo et al, 2001) and infectious diarrhea (Alam et al, 1994). Supplemental zinc also reduces intestinal permeability of piglets during weaning (Zhang and Guo, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of supplemental zinc amino acid complex on gut integrity in heat-stressed growing pigs

Fernández

Pearce

Gabler

et al. 2014

Animal

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Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes livestock health and productivity and both may in part be mediated by reduced intestinal integrity. Dietary zinc improves a variety of bowel diseases, which are characterized by increased intestinal permeability. Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of supplemental zinc amino acid complex (ZnAA) on intestinal integrity in heat-stressed growing pigs. Crossbred gilts (43 ± 6 kg BW) were ad libitum fed one of three diets: (1) control (ZnC; 120 ppm Zn as ZnSO 4 ; n = 13), (2) control + 100 ppm Zn as ZnAA (Zn220; containing a total of 220 ppm Zn; n = 14), and (3) control + 200 ppm Zn as ZnAA (Zn320; containing a total of 320 ppm Zn; n = 16). After 25 days on their respective diets, all pigs were exposed to constant HS conditions (36°C, ∼50% humidity) for either 1 or 7 days. At the end of the environmental exposure, pigs were euthanized and blood and intestinal tissues were harvested immediately after sacrifice. As expected, HS increased rectal temperature ( P ⩽ 0.01; 40.23°C v. 38.93°C) and respiratory rate ( P ⩽ 0.01; 113 v. 36 bpm). Pigs receiving ZnAA tended to have increased rectal temperature (P = 0.07; +0.27°C) compared with ZnC-fed pigs. HS markedly reduced feed intake (FI; P ⩽ 0.01; 59%) and caused BW loss (2.10 kg), but neither variable was affected by dietary treatment. Fresh intestinal segments were assessed ex vivo for intestinal integrity. As HS progressed from days 1 to 7, both ileal and colonic transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) decreased ( P ⩽ 0.05; 34% and 22%, respectively). This was mirrored by an increase in ileal and colonic permeability to the macromolecule dextran ( P ⩽ 0.01; 13-and 56-fold, respectively), and increased colonic lipopolysaccharide permeability ( P ⩽ 0.05; threefold) with time. There was a quadratic response ( P ⩽ 0.05) to increasing ZnAA on ileal TER, as it was improved ( P ⩽ 0.05; 56%) in Zn220-fed pigs compared with ZnC. This study demonstrates that HS progressively compromises the intestinal barrier and supplementing ZnAA at the appropriate dose can improve aspects of small intestinal integrity during severe HS.

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“…Zn is also implicated in diarrhea due to its effects on intestinal mucosal permeability [12] and the ability of dietary Zn to prevent or alleviate intestinal diseases [13]. At pharmacological levels, this effect may be due to the antimicrobial properties of Zn (e.g., [14]) and disruption of bacterial-enterocyte binding as well as subsequent bacterial translocation [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate zinc restriction affects intestinal health and immune function in lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice

Peterson

Scrimgeour

McClung

et al. 2008

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient that affects immune function, especially within the digestive system, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study examined the effects of short-term moderate Zn restriction on intestinal health and immune function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice through plasma cytokine profiling and histological evaluation of intestinal tissue sections. Adult male mice were fed with a Zn-adequate (40 ppm) or a Zn-marginal (4 ppm) diet for 4 weeks, and then a bacterial challenge was simulated by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 μg/g body weight [BW]) or saline (control). BW was recorded weekly, and feed intake was recorded daily over the last week. Voluntary locomotor activity was assessed 6 and 24 h after the challenge. Plasma and tissues were collected 0, 6 or 24 h after the challenge for analysis. Histological analysis of intestinal samples included evaluation of villi length and width, lamina propria (LP) width, crypt depth and intraepithelial as well as LP leukocyte numbers. Plasma was analyzed for IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor α. Diet did not affect BW and feed intake. The LPS challenge led to decreased voluntary locomotor activity (Pb.05). Moderate Zn restriction led to greater leukocyte infiltration in the LP after the LPS challenge (Pb.05) and higher plasma IL-6 and IL-10 levels 24 h after the LPS challenge (Pb.01). Results indicate that Zn status impacts intestinal responses to LPS through modulation of the cytokine response and leukocyte recruitment, and this impact is evident even with short-term (4 weeks) moderate Zn restriction.

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Intestinal paracellular permeability during malnutrition in guinea pigs: effect of high dietary zinc.

Cited by 93 publications

References 36 publications

Zinc and intestinal function

Zinc and intestinal function

Effects of supplemental zinc amino acid complex on gut integrity in heat-stressed growing pigs

Moderate zinc restriction affects intestinal health and immune function in lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice

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