Intestinal mucosal atrophy and adaptation

Shaw, Darcy H.; Gohil, Kartik; Basson, Marc D.

doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i44.6357

Cited by 111 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 242 publications

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“…As a result growth may be affected and linked to this is a decline in feed efficiency (Bedford, 2006). This is attributed to the fact that nutrients will first be directed towards maintenance of the chicken's current biological state (Dibner & Richards, 2004;Watson, 2009, Shaw, Gohil, & Basson, 2012 and only after that will any additional nutrients be directed towards growth. Thus, at 10% inclusion of the leaf meal, although the digestive and absorptive capacities of the intestines increased, beyond two weeks of age, carcass weights were negatively affected.…”

Section: Discussmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acacia angustissima Leaf Meal on the Physiology of Broiler Intestines

Ncube¹,

Halimani²,

Mwale³

et al. 2017

JAS

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The effect of A. angustissima leaf meal based diets on intestinal physiology and dressed carcass weight was investigated on 150 day old chicks. Three diets, 0, 5 and 10% A. angustissima were used in a three phase feeding programme. At days 14, 28 and 42, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered, dressed and weighed. The weights and lengths of the duodenum, jejunum and colon were measured. Approximately 1 cm specimen was taken from each organ, fixed in formalin and stained for histological analysis. Using a light microscopy, the digestive and absorptive properties of the tissues were assessed. Inclusion of A. angustissima leaf meal increased intestinal wall thickness, epithelial thickness, and villus height of the duodenum (P < 0.05). There was no effect on the proportional weight and length of the jejunum, jejunum villi height and villi width (P > 0.05) but jejunum wall thickness decreased with increasing levels of the leaf meal (P < 0.05). Leaf meal inclusion resulted in an increase in weight, intestinal wall and mucosal thickness of the colon (P < 0.05) and a decline in sub-mucosal fold height and haustra coli width of the colon (P < 0.05). Dressed weight was the same across diets at two weeks (P > 0.05). At four and six weeks, broilers on the control and 5% diet had superior dressed weights to the 10% fed broilers (P < 0.05). It was concluded that for intestinal physiological adaptation that will not compromise weight gain in broilers, up to 5% A. angustissima could be included in broiler diets.

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Section: Discussmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acacia angustissima Leaf Meal on the Physiology of Broiler Intestines

Ncube¹,

Halimani²,

Mwale³

et al. 2017

JAS

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“…A chronic decrease in proliferation can lead to mucosal atrophy, malabsorption, and diarrhea. 24 In contrast, a chronic increase in proliferation may lead to increased epithelial cell numbers, excessive nutrient absorption, 25,26 and the development of tumors. 27 Thus, identifying whether intestinal epithelial regeneration is able to recover chronically after ANS denervation is important for determining whether these surgeries should be used in medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effect of parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis

Davis

Washington

Yaniz

et al. 2017

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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This study investigates the long-term effect of autonomic denervation on intestinal epithelial cell turnover, as measured by proliferation, apoptosis, and total cell number. Although previous research has established that autonomic denervation can alter intestinal epithelial turnover under short-term conditions, here we establish for the first time that these changes do not persist long-term when you control for surgical-induced changes in food intake and use targeted denervation procedures. These findings add to the base of knowledge on autonomic control of tissue turnover, highlight the ability of the intestinal epithelium to recover after autonomic injury and reveal possible implications of the use of ANS denervation for disease treatment in humans. AbstractIntestinal epithelial tissue is constantly regenerated as a means to maintain proper tissue function. Previous studies have demonstrated that denervation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system to the intestine alters this process. However, results are inconsistent between studies, showing both increases and decreases in proliferation after denervation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic. The effect appears to correlate with (1) the timing post-denervation, (2) denervation-induced changes in food intake, (3) the denervation technique used, and (4) which intestinal segment is investigated. Thus, we proposed that parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation does not have an effect on intestinal epithelial regeneration when you (1) evaluate denervation after long-term denervation, (2) control for post-surgical changes in food intake, (3) use minimally invasive surgical techniques and (4) include a segmental analysis. To test this, adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent parasympathetic denervation via subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, sympathetic denervation via celiacomesenteric ganglionectomy, a parasympathetic denervation sham surgery, or a sympathetic denervation sham surgery. Sham surgery ad libitum-fed groups and sham surgery pair-fed groups were used to control for surgically induced changes in food intake. Three weeks post-surgery, animals were sacrificed and tissue from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was excised and immunohistochemically processed to visualize indicators of proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells) and apoptosis (caspase-3-positive cells). Results showed no differences between groups in proliferation, apoptosis, or total cell number in any intestinal segment. These results suggest that parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation does not have a significant long-term effect on intestinal epithelial turnover. Thus, intestinal epithelial regeneration is able to recover after autonomic nervous system injury.

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“…Intestinal adaptation is a well-known phenomenon that increases the absorptive capacity following surgical resection of the small intestine. The most prominent feature of intestinal adaptation is the proliferation of intestinal cells that increases crypt depth and enlarges the length and width of the villi (3). It is known that micronutrients affect several aspects of intestinal adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive bowel resection upregulates the intestinal mRNA expression levels of cellular retinol-binding protein II and apolipoprotein A-IV and alters the intestinal vitamin A status in rats

Hebiguchi

Mezaki

Morii

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Abstract. Short bowel (SB) syndrome causes the malabsorption of various nutrients. Among these, vitamin A is important for a number of physiological activities. Vitamin A is absorbed by epithelial cells of the small intestine and is discharged into the lymphatic vessels as a component of chylomicrons and is delivered to the liver. In the present study, we used a rat model of SB syndrome in order to assess its effects on the expression of genes associated with the absorption, transport and metabolism of vitamin A. In the rats with SB, the intestinal mRNA expression levels of cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II, gene symbol Rbp2) and apolipoprotein A-IV (gene symbol Apoa4) were higher than those in the sham-operated rats, as shown by RT-qPCR. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that absorptive epithelial cells stained positive for both CRBP II and lecithin retinol acyltransferase, which are both required for the effective esterification of vitamin A. In the rats with SB, the retinol content in the ileum and the retinyl ester content in the jejunum were lower than those in the sham-operated rats, as shown by quantitative analysis of retinol and retinyl esters by high performance liquid chromatography. These results suggest that the elevated mRNA expression levels of Rbp2 and Apoa4 in the rats with SB contribute to the effective esterification and transport of vitamin A. IntroductionShort bowel (SB) syndrome occurs as a consequence of malabsorption from an intestinal surface area insufficient to maintain growth and a normal nutritional status (1,2). Intestinal adaptation is a well-known phenomenon that increases the absorptive capacity following surgical resection of the small intestine. The most prominent feature of intestinal adaptation is the proliferation of intestinal cells that increases crypt depth and enlarges the length and width of the villi (3). It is known that micronutrients affect several aspects of intestinal adaptation. Wang et al (4) reported that intestinal adaptation was facilitated by retinoic acid, an active form of vitamin A. The authors demonstrated that the intravenous administration of retinoic acid exerted trophic effects in rats with SB by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating crypt cell proliferation (4).Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin required for a number of physiological activities. Retinyl esters (REs), animal-derived forms of vitamin A, are hydrolyzed into retinol before entering the absorptive epithelial cells. By contrast, β-carotene, a vegetable-derived form of vitamin A, is converted into retinal after entering the absorptive epithelial cells and is then reduced to retinol within the cells (5). The retinol thus produced binds to cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II, gene symbol Rbp2) in absorptive epithelial cells, forming a retinol-CRBP II complex. This complex is esterified to REs by lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT, gene symbol Lrat). REs are then discharged basolaterally into the lymphatic vessels as a component of chylomicrons and are delivered to ...

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Intestinal mucosal atrophy and adaptation

Cited by 111 publications

References 242 publications

Effect of Acacia angustissima Leaf Meal on the Physiology of Broiler Intestines

Effect of Acacia angustissima Leaf Meal on the Physiology of Broiler Intestines

Long-term effect of parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis

Massive bowel resection upregulates the intestinal mRNA expression levels of cellular retinol-binding protein II and apolipoprotein A-IV and alters the intestinal vitamin A status in rats

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