Intestinal microbiota variation in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) under different feeding regimes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the in£uence of the feeding regimes in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) cultured under extensive, semi-extensive and intensive production systems. A total of 254 bacterial isolates from guts of ¢sh cultured under di¡erent production systems and feeding regimes were tested. Biochemical tests and genetic analyses based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis were conduced to identify bacterial strains.Vibrio species were the most represented taxonomic group in the culturable microbiota of S. senegalensis guts tested. Particularly, Vibrio ichthyoenteri was the most frequently isolatedVibrio species. Comparison among diets showed a signi¢cant reduction (Po0.05) in vibrio percentages and a higher occurrence of Shewanella species in Senegalese soles fed polychaeta. In addition, a major in£uence of environmental temperature on microbiota composition was detected. Cold temperatures brought about a change in the percentages of Vibrio species and a higher representation of a-Proteobacteria in both outdoor systems (extensive and semi-extensive). The signi¢cant di¡erences between intestinal bacterial composition in Senegalese soles fed commercial diets and natural preys (polychaeta) reveal the necessity to develop speci¢c optimized diets for the intensive rearing of this ¢sh species.

Characterization of the intestinal microbiota of wild caught and farmed fine flounder (Paralichthys adspersus)

“…As example, Dhanasiri et al (2011) evidenced a reduction of microbiota diversity when wild fish was fed with artificial diets (i.e., microbiota diversity was reduced more than 60% and Vibrionaceae and Clostridiaceae increased over Ignavibacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae). Similar results are reported for S. senegalensis (Martin-Antonio et al, 2007) and P. olivaceus (Kim & Kim, 2013). Our results for WF also showed greater bacterial diversity than AF (Fig.…”

“…In flatfish, they have been reported as the second most abundant phylum (Sugita et al, 2002;Martin-Antonio et al, 2007;TapiaPaniagua et al, 2010;Kim & Kim, 2013;Xing et al, 2013). The most representative Firmicutes were Bacillus and Carnobacterium in AF, and Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus in WF (Fig.…”

“…2). Proteobacteria is the dominant phylum in the microbiota of other flatfish, such as, Solea senegalensis (Martin-Antonio et al, 2007;TapiaPaniagua et al, 2010), P. olivaceus (Sugita et al, 2002;Kim & Kim, 2013) and Scophthalmus maximus (Xing et al, 2013). This bacterial group may contribute to the digestive process by providing a variety of enzymes (Neulinger et al, 2008;Smriga et al, 2010).…”

“…lensis and P. olivaceus (Tanasomwang & Muroga, 1988;Martin-Antonio et al, 2007). However, it is necessary to consider that the absence of Vibrio in WF may be due to (i) low dominance of this genus in the intestinal community, caused by the presence of bacteria with antagonistic effect against vibrios (Sun et al, 2009) or (ii) Vibrio spp.…”

“…In flatfish, they have been reported as the second most abundant phylum (Sugita et al, 2002;Martin-Antonio et al, 2007;TapiaPaniagua et al, 2010;Xing et al, 2013;Kim & Kim, 2013). LAB, part of this phylum, are interesting bacteria because they have been used as a probiotic to improve health and growth rates of several flatfish (Villamil et al, 2002).…”