Intestinal microbiota of salmonids and its changes upon introduction of soy proteins to fish feed

Кононова, С. В.; Zinchenko, D. V.; Muranova, T. A.; Belova, Nataliya; Мирошников, А. И.

doi:10.1007/s10499-019-00341-1

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The gut microbiota can be divided into digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota based on their location in the intestine. Compared to the digesta-associated gut microbiota, the mucosa-associated gut microbiota refers to microorganisms closely associated with intestinal epithelial cells, and thereby may play a more vital role in gut mucosal immunology, energy homeostasis and nutrient metabolism [ 29 , 72 ]. However, the lack of attachment of the digesta-associated gut microbiota to the mucosa does not mean marginal importance for the host [ 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in intestinal digesta of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), observed from late freshwater stage until one year in seawater, and effects of functional ingredients: a case study from a commercial sized research site in the Arctic region

Wang

Jaramillo-Torres

et al. 2021

anim microbiome

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Background The importance of the gut microbiota for health and wellbeing is well established for humans and some land animals. The gut microbiota is supposedly as important for fish, but existing knowledge has many gaps, in particular for fish in the Arctic areas. This study addressed the dynamics of Atlantic salmon digesta-associated gut microbiota assemblage and its associations with host responses from freshwater to seawater life stages under large-scale, commercial conditions in the Arctic region of Norway, and explored the effects of functional ingredients. The microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in distal intestinal digesta at four time points: 2 weeks before seawater transfer (in May, FW); 4 weeks after seawater transfer (in June, SW1); in November (SW2), and in April (SW3) the following year. Two series of diets were fed, varying throughout the observation time in nutrient composition according to the requirements of fish, one without (Ref diet), and the other with functional ingredients (Test diet). The functional ingredients, i.e. nucleotides, yeast cell walls, one prebiotic and essential fatty acids, were supplemented as single or mixtures based on the strategies from the feed company. Results Overall, the fish showed higher microbial richness and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) abundance after seawater transfer, while Simpson’s diversity decreased throughout the observation period. At SW1, the gut microbiota was slightly different from those at FW, and was dominated by the genera Lactobacillus and Photobacterium. As the fish progressed towards SW2 and SW3, the genera Lactobacillus and Mycoplasma became more prominent, with a corresponding decline in genus Photobacterium. The overall bacterial profiles at these time points showed a clear distinction from those at FW. A significant effect of functional ingredients (a mixture of nucleotides, yeast cell walls and essential fatty acids) was observed at SW2, where Test-fed fish showed lower microbial richness, Shannon’s diversity, and LAB abundance. The multivariate association analysis identified differentially abundant taxa, especially Megasphaera, to be significantly associated with gut immune and barrier gene expressions, and plasma nutrients. Conclusions The gut microbiota profile varied during the observation period, and the Mycoplasma became the dominating bacteria with time. Megasphaera abundance was associated with gut health and plasma nutrient biomarkers. Functional ingredients modulated the gut microbiota profile during an important ongrowing stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in intestinal digesta of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), observed from late freshwater stage until one year in seawater, and effects of functional ingredients: a case study from a commercial sized research site in the Arctic region

Wang

Jaramillo-Torres

et al. 2021

anim microbiome

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“…phytate, saponins, lectins) and indigestible carbohydrates, as well as less efficient protein digestion and amino acid absorption 8 . It has also been shown that different dietary protein sources alter fish gut microbiota 4,9 and such changes have, at times, been linked to subsequent deterioration in health, immunity and growth [10][11][12][13][14] .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Creating sustainable feeds that promote fish welfare and maximise growth potential, while remaining cost-efficient, is a prominent challenge for the aquaculture industry. Furthermore, it is now recognised that the effects of dietary alterations on the gut microbiota of fish must be considered, as they play a key role in influencing fish health and growth 11,19,20 . Some promising work is emerging to suggest that diets with very low or no fishmeal inclusion will be possible with careful formulation in the future 21,22 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…While a detailed understanding of the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota in Atlantic salmon is still developing 11 , several studies have investigated the effects of alternative protein sources and high plant-protein/ low fishmeal diets 4,10,24,25 . The reported changes linked to inclusion of dietary plant proteins have varied but there are also some interesting similarities emerging.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Replacing fishmeal with plant protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diets by supplementation with fish protein hydrolysate

Egerton¹,

Wan²,

Murphy³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

112

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The effects of feeding an 80% plant protein diet, with and without fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) supplementation, on the growth and gut health of Atlantic salmon were investigated. Fish were fed either (A) a control diet containing 35% fishmeal, (B) an 80% plant protein diet with 15% fishmeal, (C) an 80% plant protein diet with 5% fishmeal and 10% partly hydrolysed protein, or (D) an 80% plant protein diet with 5% fishmeal and 10% soluble protein hydrolysate. Fish on the 80% plant-15% fishmeal diet were significantly smaller than fish in the other dietary groups. However, partly-hydrolysed protein supplementation allowed fish to grow as well as fish fed the control 35% fishmeal diet. Fish fed the FPH diets (diets C and D) had significantly higher levels of amino acids in their blood, including 48% and 27% more branched chain amino acids compared to fish on the 35% fishmeal diet, respectively. Plant protein significantly altered gut microbial composition, significantly decreasing α-diversity. Spirochaetes and the families Moritellaceae, Psychromonadaceae, Helicobacteraceae and Bacteroidaceae were all found at significantly lower abundances in the groups fed 80% plant protein diets compared to the control fishmeal diet.

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“…In general, plant-based protein meals markedly modify the microbiome, as Kononova et al (2019) showed the effects of soybean protein and carbohydrates, which are associated with some antinutritional factors, on the autochthonous microbiota, provoking in ammatory processes in the intestine of salmonids [13]. Regarding insect meals, Antonopoulou et al (2019) found that rainbow trout fed 0 and 60% mealworm meal did not differ in the bacterial species or their amounts [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of two insect diets on the intestinal commensal microbiome of healthy Salmo trutta vr. trutta

Józefiak¹,

Nogales‐Mérida²,

Rawski³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The balance of the intestinal commensal microbiome of fish and other animals plays an important role in the physiological processes of healthy animals, contributes to the defense against pathogens, stimulates the immune system and facilitates nutrient metabolism. In the last decade, the use of insects in fish nutrition has been increasing exponentially, although little is known regarding the effects of insect meals on the fish gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two insect diets containing mealworm (MW) and superworm (SW) on the microbiome of the digesta of sea trout fingerlings and the relative abundances of different taxa among communities under controlled conditions.Results The insect meals produced a similar weight gain and survival rate to sea trout fed fishmeal. The most abundant bacterial phylum in all the treatment groups was Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and significant differences in the amount of Cyanobacteria were observed in the SW group. Conclusions The insect meals did not produce differences in the three most abundant phyla in the sea trout digesta. However, the effect of each type of meal on the lower taxonomic levels was evident, particularly in the case of the superworm meal. These microbiome differences indicated that mealworm meal was more related to fishmeal than superworm meal. Our results highlight the potential effects of insect meals, such as mealworm and superworm meals, on the microbiota of sea trout.

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Intestinal microbiota of salmonids and its changes upon introduction of soy proteins to fish feed

Cited by 38 publications

References 88 publications

Microbiota in intestinal digesta of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), observed from late freshwater stage until one year in seawater, and effects of functional ingredients: a case study from a commercial sized research site in the Arctic region

Microbiota in intestinal digesta of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), observed from late freshwater stage until one year in seawater, and effects of functional ingredients: a case study from a commercial sized research site in the Arctic region

Replacing fishmeal with plant protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diets by supplementation with fish protein hydrolysate

Effect of two insect diets on the intestinal commensal microbiome of healthy Salmo trutta vr. trutta

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