Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens As Affected by Litter Management Regimens

Wang, Lingling; Lilburn, M. S.; Yu, Zhongtang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00593

Cited by 127 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…As discussed earlier [1, 34, 48], differences in host (genetics, breeds, anatomical features of the gut, physiology, etc. ), litter management, and diets might be attributable to the distinct GI bacteriomes in the chicken and turkey.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacteriomes of Ileal Mucosa and Cecal Content of Broiler Chickens and Turkeys as Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis

Wei

Lilburn

2016

International Journal of Microbiology

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The gastrointestinal (GI) bacteriome of poultry is important in host nutrition and health, but its diversity and composition remain poorly characterized. In this study we phylogenetically characterized the bacteriome in the cecal contents and ileal mucosa of chickens and turkeys using metagenomics empowered by pyrosequencing technique. >95% coverage of bacterial diversity was achieved except for the turkey ileal mucosa. Collectively, 3,401 and 125 operational taxonomy units (OTU, defined at a 0.03 phylogenetic distance) in chicken, and 1,687 and 16 OTUs in turkey were identified from the cecal content and the ileal mucosa, respectively. Besides those previously reported, 39 and 50 additional genera of bacteria were identified in the chicken and turkey cecal bacteriome, respectively. Although the GI bacteriomes of the same region in both species exhibited greater similarity than the bacteriomes of different regions within each species, broiler chickens and turkeys harbor a distinct intestinal bacteriome. Such difference may suggest different dietary interventions for bacteriome modulation for enhanced nutrient utilization and gut health. The results may also be useful in developing prebiotics, probiotics, and analytical tools (e.g., phylochips). We also determined the variation in the number of OTUs and variability between two independent pyrosequencing runs and two data processing pipelines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacteriomes of Ileal Mucosa and Cecal Content of Broiler Chickens and Turkeys as Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis

Wei

Lilburn

2016

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…That study revealed that the fresh litter and reused litter affected the GI microflora of broiler chickens (Wang et al, 2016). While that study pioneered a new area of research, the feeding condition, not just the litter but housing system could affect the GI microflora of chickens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Variations in Intestinal Microflora of Free-Range and Caged Hens

et al. 2017

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Free range feeding pattern puts the chicken in a mixture of growth materials and enteric bacteria excreted by nature, while it is typically unique condition materials and enteric bacteria in commercial caged hens production. Thus, the gastrointestinal microflora in two feeding patterns could be various. However, it remains poorly understood how feeding patterns affect development and composition of layer hens’ intestinal microflora. In this study, the effect of feeding patterns on the bacteria community in layer hens’ gut was investigated using free range and caged feeding form. Samples of whole small intestines and cecal digesta were collected from young hens (8-weeks) and mature laying hens (30-weeks). Based on analysis using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA gene amplicons, the microflora of all intestinal contents were affected by both feeding patterns and age of hens. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria were the main components. Additionally, uncultured environmental samples were found too. There were large differences between young hens and adult laying hens, the latter had more Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and bacterial community is more abundant in 30-weeks laying hens of all six phyla than 8-weeks young hens of only two phyla. In addition, the differences were also observed between free range and caged hens. Free range hens had richer Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Most of strains found were detected more abundant in small intestines than in cecum. Also the selected Lactic acid bacteria from hens gut were applied in feed and they had beneficial effects on growth performance and jejunal villus growth of young broilers. This study suggested that feeding patterns have an importance effect on the microflora composition of hens, which may impact the host nutritional status and intestinal health.

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“…; Wang et al . ). However, the old litter provides a suitable environment for different kinds of living organisms, including pathogenic microbes such as coccidia (Lu et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the poultry industry, it is common to reuse old litter for more than one cycle (Coufal et al 2006;Wang et al 2016). However, the old litter provides a suitable environment for different kinds of living organisms, including pathogenic microbes such as coccidia (Lu et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with two yeast cell wall strains using two feeding strategies

Hashim

Leyva‐Jimenez

Al-Ajeeli

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Different supplements or strategies have been proposed as alternatives to the use of antibiotics at sub‐therapeutic levels in chickens. Mannan oligosaccharides and β‐glucans, yeast cell wall fractions (YCW), have been reported to beneficially influence broiler performance and health. Two differently produced yeast cell wall fractions derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated in this study using two different supplementation strategies offered to full‐term broilers. The birds were placed in floor pens on used pine‐shaving litter to increase potential microbial stress and mimic industry practice. The study utilized a three‐phase feeding program with a 1‐ to 21‐day starter, 21‐ to 35‐day grower and 35‐ to 42‐day finisher phases. Five dietary treatments were compared in this study. The experimental diets consisted of a control basal broiler diet; or the basal diet supplemented with the two differently produced fractions of YCW. The YCW products were supplemented at a constant 250 ppm or a decreasing concentration program (500, 250, 125 ppm) throughout the three feeding phases. Birds fed diets supplemented with either YCW products at any inclusion regimen demonstrated higher (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) in all three phases than control birds. The difference in final 42‐day BW of the YCW treatments (3041 g) averaged 165 g higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. For all YCW treatments, productivity index was higher (P < 0.05) in the grower (418) and finisher phase (441) versus control birds (389 grower and 415 finisher). These results suggested that both YCW fractions prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can improve broiler performance when added at either a constant rate (250 ppm) or at a decreasing rate from 500 ppm for the starter to 125 ppm for the finisher phase.

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Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens As Affected by Litter Management Regimens

Cited by 127 publications

References 65 publications

The Bacteriomes of Ileal Mucosa and Cecal Content of Broiler Chickens and Turkeys as Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis

The Bacteriomes of Ileal Mucosa and Cecal Content of Broiler Chickens and Turkeys as Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis

Age-Related Variations in Intestinal Microflora of Free-Range and Caged Hens

Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with two yeast cell wall strains using two feeding strategies

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