Intestinal microbiota lipid metabolism varies across rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>
) phylogeographic divide

Yildirimer, C. C.; Brown, Kim H.

doi:10.1111/jam.14059

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In regards to metabolic pathways, the predictive functions of gut microbes in the present studies agree with previous findings that they are mainly associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy and to a lesser extent lipids ( Liu et al, 2016 ; Dehler, Secombes & Martin, 2017 ; Lyons et al, 2017 ; Wei et al, 2018 ; Yildirimer & Brown, 2018 ). Actinobacteria, such as Corynebacterium and Gordonia ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of dietary oil fromCamelina sativaon the growth performance, fillet fatty acid profile and gut microbiome of gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Huyben

Rimoldi

Ceccotti

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background In the last two decades, research has focused on testing cheaper and sustainable alternatives to fish oil (FO), such as vegetable oils (VO), in aquafeeds. However, FO cannot be entirely replaced by VOs due to their lack of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3) acids. The oilseed plant, Camelina sativa, may have a higher potential to replace FO since it can contains up to 40% of the omega-3 precursors α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6). Methods A 90-day feeding trial was conducted with 600 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) of 32.92 ± 0.31 g mean initial weight fed three diets that replaced 20%, 40% and 60% of FO with CO and a control diet of FO. Fish were distributed into triplicate tanks per diet and with 50 fish each in a flow-through open marine system. Growth performance and fatty acid profiles of the fillet were analysed. The Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Mothur pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the faeces, gut mucosa and diets in addition to metagenomic analysis by PICRUSt. Results and Conclusions The feed conversion rate and specific growth rate were not affected by diet, although final weight was significantly lower for fish fed the 60% CO diet. Reduced final weight was attributed to lower levels of EPA and DHA in the CO ingredient. The lipid profile of fillets were similar between the dietary groups in regards to total saturated, monounsaturated, PUFA (n-3 and n-6), and the ratio of n-3/n-6. Levels of EPA and DHA in the fillet reflected the progressive replacement of FO by CO in the diet and the EPA was significantly lower in fish fed the 60% CO diet, while ALA was increased. Alpha and beta-diversities of gut bacteria in both the faeces and mucosa were not affected by any dietary treatment, although a few indicator bacteria, such as Corynebacterium and Rhodospirillales, were associated with the 60% CO diet. However, lower abundance of lactic acid bacteria, specifically Lactobacillus, in the gut of fish fed the 60% CO diet may indicate a potential negative effect on gut microbiota. PICRUSt analysis revealed similar predictive functions of bacteria in the faeces and mucosa, although a higher abundance of Corynebacterium in the mucosa of fish fed 60% CO diet increased the KEGG pathway of fatty acid synthesis and may act to compensate for the lack of fatty acids in the diet. In summary, this study demonstrated that up to 40% of FO can be replaced with CO without negative effects on growth performance, fillet composition and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of dietary oil fromCamelina sativaon the growth performance, fillet fatty acid profile and gut microbiome of gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Huyben

Rimoldi

Ceccotti

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…Previous studies have found that the metabolism contributes the most to the predictive pathways of the salmonid gut microbiome, followed by information and cellular processing (Dehler et al, 2017;Lyons et al, 2017c;Yildirimer and Brown, 2018). Specifically, our results agree that a high proportion of pathways are attributed to amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism and to a lesser extent vitamin and lipid metabolism (Dehler et al, 2017;Lyons et al, 2017c).…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Very few studies exist that compare the impact of the gut microbiome on lipid metabolism in fish, despite a connection between n-3/n-6 fatty acids and gut microbes. A study by Yildirimer and Brown (2018) found that a population of wild rainbow trout had lower lipid absorption and higher activation of lipid metabolism pathways, specifically linoleic acid (18:2n-6). Wild fine flounder (Paralichthys adspersus) were found to have higher activation of fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways compared to farmed flounder presumably fed a formulated diet higher in lipid and LC-PUFA (Ramírez and Romero, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Lipid:Protein Ratio and n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alters the Gut Microbiome of Atlantic Salmon Under Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions

et al. 2020

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Researchers have adjusted dietary lipid:protein ratios and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) to optimize the growth performance of Atlantic salmon. However, dietary impacts on the gut microbiome are lacking, especially under varying environmental conditions. To examine this response, post-smolt salmon (184 ± 5 g) were fed diets with lipid:protein ratios considered low (180, 570 g/kg) and high (230, 460 g/kg) along with low and high levels of n-3 LC-PUFA (7 or 14 g/kg) while fish were reared under low and high levels of dissolved oxygen (6.7 or 8.0 mg/L). At day 0, 35 and 116, digesta in the distal intestine were collected and analyzed for viable counts and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes (V4 region) using Illumina MiSeq. The reduction in oxygen had negligible effects, except on viable plate counts of total bacteria and an initial effect on beta-diversity. In contrast, the high lipid (HL) diets had an increased alpha-diversity (e.g., Shannon and Chao-1) at day 0 and day 35 whereas high n-3 diets suppressed these indices at day 116. Generally, a reduction in alpha-diversity was observed over time and an interaction between lipid:protein ratio x n-3 was found. Between diets, beta-diversity and phyla abundance were similar as both Proteobacteria (44%) and Firmicutes (21%) dominated. However, at the genus level Aliivibrio, Streptococcus, Weissella, and Lactobacillus, were associated with low lipid (LL) diets while the high lipid diets were associated with less abundant bacteria, e.g., Chromohalobacter. At day 116, the relative abundance of the Tenericutes phylum increased 10-fold (36%). Fish fed the high lipid diet with high n-3 had reduced alpha-diversity, lowest abundance of lactic acid bacteria, and highest abundance of Mycoplasma, which may indicate a less healthy gut microbiome. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis revealed that saturated and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were several folds higher in fish fed the high lipid diet, possibly to compensate for the lack of dietary n-3. In summary, our results show that the viable plate counts, alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, and predictive function of gut bacteria in Atlantic salmon post-smolts are influenced by dietary lipid:protein ratio and n-3 LC-PUFA over several time points with little effect by dissolved oxygen.

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“…In regards to metabolic pathways, the predictive functions of gut microbes in the present studies agree with previous findings that they are mainly associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy and to a lesser extent lipids (Liu et al, 2016;Dehler, Secombes & Martin, 2017;Lyons et al, 2017;Wei et al, 2018;Yildirimer & Brown, 2018). Actinobacteria, such as Corynebacterium and Gordonia (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Figure 4: Percentage of OTUs (genus level) from the faeces/digesta (F), mucosa (M) and diets (D) of gilthead sea bream where fish oil was replaced with 0, 20, 40 and 60% camelina oil.

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Intestinal microbiota lipid metabolism varies across rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) phylogeographic divide

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of dietary oil fromCamelina sativaon the growth performance, fillet fatty acid profile and gut microbiome of gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Effect of dietary oil fromCamelina sativaon the growth performance, fillet fatty acid profile and gut microbiome of gilthead Sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Dietary Lipid:Protein Ratio and n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alters the Gut Microbiome of Atlantic Salmon Under Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions

Figure 4: Percentage of OTUs (genus level) from the faeces/digesta (F), mucosa (M) and diets (D) of gilthead sea bream where fish oil was replaced with 0, 20, 40 and 60% camelina oil.

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