Intestinal Microbiota Ecological Response to Oral Administrations of Hydrogen-Rich Water and Lactulose in Female Piglets Fed a Fusarium Toxin-Contaminated Diet

Abstract

The objective of the current experiment was to explore the intestinal microbiota ecological response to oral administrations of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and lactulose (LAC) in female piglets fed a Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated diet. A total of 24 individually-housed female piglets (Landrace × large × white; initial average body weight, 7.25 ± 1.02 kg) were randomly assigned to receive four treatments (six pigs/treatment): uncontaminated basal diet (negative control, NC), mycotoxin-contaminated diet (MC), MC diet + HRW (MC + HRW), and MC diet + LAC (MC + LAC) for 25 days. Hydrogen levels in the mucosa of different intestine segments were measured at the end of the experiment. Fecal scoring and diarrhea rate were recorded every day during the whole period of the experiment. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in the digesta of the foregut and hindgut samples were assayed. The populations of selected bacteria and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of total bacteria and methanogenic Archaea were also evaluated. Results showed that Fusarium mycotoxins not only reduced the hydrogen levels in the caecum but also shifted the SCFAs production, and populations and communities of microbiota. HRW treatment increased the hydrogen levels of the stomach and duodenum. HRW and LAC groups also had higher colon and caecum hydrogen levels than the MC group. Both HRW and LAC protected against the mycotoxin-contaminated diet-induced higher diarrhea rate and lower SCFA production in the digesta of the colon and caecum. In addition, the DGGE profile results indicated that HRW and LAC might shift the pathways of hydrogen-utilization bacteria, and change the diversity of intestine microbiota. Moreover, HRW and LAC administrations reversed the mycotoxin-contaminated diet-induced changing of the populations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bifidobacterium in ileum digesta and hydrogen-utilizing bacteria in colon digesta.

Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms

“…In addition, recent studies have shown that the intestinal bacterial flora distribution changes. It seems that these are involved in the normalization of the gastrointestinal activity 11. However, for this study, patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were not specifically selected.…”

“…In conventional efficacy studies, evaluations with respect to ingesting AEW have typically been conducted focusing on the alkalinity of the water 2345. In recent years, however, the assumed effectiveness of the antioxidant effect of dissolved hydrogen on various diseases has been reported 789101112131415. Nevertheless, some users of AEW apparatus do not have any definite abdominal symptoms.…”

Protective Role of Hydrogen Gas on Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells (IPEC-J2) Induced by Deoxynivalenol: A Preliminary Study

“…Collectively, this study suggests that H 2 application precisely protects IPEC-J2 cells against oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by DON in vitro. Furthermore, the present in vitro research and previous results in piglets [23,24,53] could potentially contribute to the implication and application of H 2 as a novel solution to alleviate intestinal damage induced by mycotoxins in swine production in the future.…”

Assessment of lactobacillus bulgaricus strain in human intestinal samples by denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis

“…By using a DGGE effects of probiotic and prebiotic products on the composition of the intestinal microbiota were monitored (5,6). DGGE was applied to study the link between the compositional changes within gut microbiota and obesity (7), as well as the composition of vaginal microflora (8).…”