Intestinal microbiota diversity and expression of pattern recognition receptors in newly weaned piglets

Tao, Xin; Xu, Ziwei; Wan, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.12.005

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…These findings might explain the decreases in βGLU and βGAL in our experiment. Likewise, loss of microbial diversity in the colon was reported 4 days post-weaning (Tao et al, 2015). Nonetheless, microbial shifts in the distal GI tract and stomach were found to be less pronounced than in the small intestine (Pieper et al, 2006;Tao et al, 2015), possibly relating to less dramatic changes in glycosidase activity at those sites in the current study.…”

Section: Glycosidase Activity In Digesta Of Pigletssupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Likewise, loss of microbial diversity in the colon was reported 4 days post-weaning (Tao et al, 2015). Nonetheless, microbial shifts in the distal GI tract and stomach were found to be less pronounced than in the small intestine (Pieper et al, 2006;Tao et al, 2015), possibly relating to less dramatic changes in glycosidase activity at those sites in the current study. Also, when comparing the enzyme activities across the GI tract per age group, it is apparent that the greatest activities are found in the jejunum and ileum before weaning and when the weaning dip has been overcome (w+28).…”

Section: Glycosidase Activity In Digesta Of Pigletssupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Konstantinov et al (2006) reported a reduction in the total lactobacilli counts from 4 days until 13 days post-weaning accompanied by the emergence of clostridia and Escherichia coli. Similarly, a general loss of microbial diversity was described in the ileal contents of piglets during the first week post-weaning, with the most dramatic changes occurring 4 days post-weaning (Tao et al, 2015).…”

Section: Glycosidase Activity In Digesta Of Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Weaning affects the glycosidase activity towards phenolic glycosides in the gut of piglets

Noten

Liefferinge

Degroote

et al. 2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Phenolic compounds in pig diets, originating either from feed ingredients or additives, may occur as glycosides, that is conjugated to sugar moieties. Upon ingestion, their bioavailability and functionality depend on hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond by endogenous or microbial glycosidases. Hence, it is essential to map the glycosidase activities towards phenolic glycosides present along gut. Therefore, the activity of three key glycosidases, that is α‐glucosidase (αGLU), β‐glucosidase (βGLU) and β‐galactosidase (βGAL), was quantified in small intestinal mucosa and digesta of piglets at different gastrointestinal sites (stomach, three parts of small intestine, caecum and colon) and at different ages around weaning (10 days before and 0, 2, 5, 14 and 28 days after weaning). Activity assays were performed with p‐nitrophenyl glycosides at neutral pH. The αGLU activities in mucosa and digesta were low (overall means 1.4 and 60 U respectively) as compared to βGLU (15.2 and 199 U) and βGAL (23.4 and 298 U; p < .001). Moreover, αGLU activity in mucosa was unaffected by age. Conversely, βGLU and βGAL activities dropped significantly after weaning. Minimal levels, ranging between 18% and 54% of the pre‐weaning values, were reached at 5 days post‐weaning. Similarly, in small intestinal digesta, reductions from 60% up to 90% were observed for the three enzyme activities on day five post‐weaning as compared to pre‐weaning levels. In caecal contents, activities were lowest at 14 days post‐weaning, while in stomach and colon no clear weaning‐induced effects were observed. Our data suggest that weaning affects the glycosidase activity in mucosa (mainly endogenous origin) and digesta (primarily bacterial origin) with the most pronounced effects occurring 5 days post‐weaning. Moreover, differences in activities exist between different glycosidases and between gut locations. These insights can facilitate the prediction of the fate of existing and newly synthetized glycosides after oral ingestion in piglets.

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Section: Glycosidase Activity In Digesta Of Pigletssupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Glycosidase Activity In Digesta Of Pigletssupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Glycosidase Activity In Digesta Of Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 75%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Weaning affects the glycosidase activity towards phenolic glycosides in the gut of piglets

Noten

Liefferinge

Degroote

et al. 2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…The expression of TLR2, MUC1 and MUC2 was down-regulated in the ileum of laminarin supplemented pigs. TLR2 recognises microbialassociated molecular patterns of yeast and bacteria, and it has been previously shown to be up-regulated in the ileum immediately post-weaning and subsequently declines (41) . Mucin secretion can be initiated by a number of factors, including microbes, microbial products, cytokines and reactive oxygen species (42) , indicating it is up-regulated in response to challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminarin-rich extract improves growth performance, small intestinal morphology, gene expression of nutrient transporters and the large intestinal microbial composition of piglets during the critical post-weaning period

et al. 2019

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The identification of natural bioactive compounds which can prevent the post-weaning growth check and enhance gastrointestinal health in the absence of in-feed medications is an urgent priority for the swine industry. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of increasing dietary inclusion levels of laminarin in the first 14 d post-weaning on pig growth performance and weaning associated intestinal dysfunction. At weaning, ninety-six pigs (8·4 (sd 1·09) kg) (meatline boars × (large white × landrace sows)) were blocked by live weight, litter and sex and randomly assigned to: (1) basal diet; (2) basal + 100 parts per million (ppm) laminarin; (3) basal + 200 ppm laminarin and (4) basal + 300 ppm laminarin (three pigs/pen). The appropriate quantity of a laminarin-rich extract (65 % laminarin) was added to the basal diet to achieve the above dietary inclusion levels of laminarin. After 14 d of supplementation, eight pigs from the basal group and the best-performing laminarin group were euthanised for sample collection. The 300 ppm laminarin group was selected as this group had higher ADFI compared with all other groups and higher ADG than the basal group (P < 0·05). Laminarin supplementation increased villus height in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0·05). Laminarin supplementation increased the expression of SLC2A8/GLUT8 in the duodenum, SLC2A2/GLUT2, SLC2A7/GLUT7, SLC15A1/PEPT1 and FABP2 in the jejunum and SLC16A1/MCT1 in the colon. Laminarin supplementation reduced Enterobacteriaceae numbers in the caecum (P < 0·05) and increased lactobacilli numbers (P < 0·05), total volatile fatty acid concentrations and the molar proportions of butyrate (P < 0·01) in the colon. In conclusion, 300 ppm laminarin from a laminarin-rich extract has potential, as a dietary supplement, to improve performance and prevent post-weaning intestinal dysfunction.

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“…In recent years, evidence suggests that the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to a complex and immense community of microorganisms that are engaged in a dynamic interaction with host intestinal health (Peterson et al, 2008;Cerf-Bensussan and Gaboriau-Routhiau, 2010;Kamada et al, 2013). Therefore, breakdown of the gut microbial homeostasis and loss of diversity in early life (i.e., childhood) can dramatically increase the risk of GI diseases (Tao et al, 2015;Dou et al, 2017). The microbiota composition, which is beneficial to the gut health, has been extensively investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caecal infusion of the short‐chain fatty acid propionate affects the microbiota and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the colon in a fistula pig model

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryShort‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate, are known to suppress inflammation, and regulate the gut bacterial ecology. However, little is known about propionate. We report here that propionate infusion in the caecum dramatically affected the structure of colonic microbiota of pigs based on 16s rRNA high‐throughput sequencing. Sixteen pig models were perfused with saline or sodium propionate by a fistula in the caecum. At d 28, all pigs were slaughtered for analysing bacterial metabolites, colonic microbiota and the expression of genes related to inflammation. The results showed that caecal infusion of sodium propionate increased the concentration of propionate and decreased the butyrate concentration in colonic content. For biogenic amines, the tyramine concentration was increased, while the concentration of cadaverine was decreased by infusion of sodium propionate. Furthermore, at the level of phylum, propionate increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and reduced the abundance of Firmicutes. Prevotella and Bacteroides counts were increased, while Turicibacter abundance was decreased at the level of genus. Real‐time qPCR showed that the expression of NF‐κB and IL‐18 was upregulated by propionate infusion, whereas no significant differences were observed for the expression of other genes related to inflammatory processes. Taken together, these results provide a new evidence for the role of short‐chain fatty acid propionate on the composition of microbial community and inflammatory cytokines.

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Intestinal microbiota diversity and expression of pattern recognition receptors in newly weaned piglets

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Weaning affects the glycosidase activity towards phenolic glycosides in the gut of piglets

Weaning affects the glycosidase activity towards phenolic glycosides in the gut of piglets

Laminarin-rich extract improves growth performance, small intestinal morphology, gene expression of nutrient transporters and the large intestinal microbial composition of piglets during the critical post-weaning period

Caecal infusion of the short‐chain fatty acid propionate affects the microbiota and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the colon in a fistula pig model

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