Intestinal Microbiota as an Alternative Therapeutic Target for Epilepsy

Wu, Jiaying; Zhang, Yuyu; Yang, Hongyu; Rao, Yuefeng; Jin, Miao; Lu, Xiaoyang

doi:10.1155/2016/9032809

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Dysbiosis is seen in many pathologies, both locally, within the gastrointestinal tract, and systemically (59). While outside of the scope of this review, recent work has associated dysbiosis with obesity (60), metabolic diseases (61), cancer (62), neurological disfunctions (63), and many others, both in dogs and in humans. However, caution should be taken when interpreting those findings.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease

2020

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Section: Gut Microbiome In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease

2020

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“…The gut microbiota is also involved in the pathophysiology of behavior disorders, including drug addiction and substance abuse, while behavior modifications combined with microbiota regulation may have beneficial effects ( Engen et al, 2015 ; Vogtmann et al, 2015 ; Kiraly et al, 2016 ; Skosnik and Cortes-Briones, 2016 ). Additionally, the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of neurobiological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, hepatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, and migraine ( Liang et al, 2012 ; Sharon et al, 2016 ; Wu et al, 2016 ; Dai et al, 2017 ; van den Hoogen et al, 2017 ). The prevalence of mental disorders and neurological diseases has been ever increasing, almost in parallel with the changes in the human commensal microbiota.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Gut-brain and Gut-brain Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-Brain Psychology: Rethinking Psychology From the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

Shen

Jin

2018

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

196

159

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Mental disorders and neurological diseases are becoming a rapidly increasing medical burden. Although extensive studies have been conducted, the progress in developing effective therapies for these diseases has still been slow. The current dilemma reminds us that the human being is a superorganism. Only when we take the human self and its partner microbiota into consideration at the same time, can we better understand these diseases. Over the last few centuries, the partner microbiota has experienced tremendous change, much more than human genes, because of the modern transformations in diet, lifestyle, medical care, and so on, parallel to the modern epidemiological transition. Existing research indicates that gut microbiota plays an important role in this transition. According to gut-brain psychology, the gut microbiota is a crucial part of the gut-brain network, and it communicates with the brain via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The gut microbiota almost develops synchronously with the gut-brain, brain, and mind. The gut microbiota influences various normal mental processes and mental phenomena, and is involved in the pathophysiology of numerous mental and neurological diseases. Targeting the microbiota in therapy for these diseases is a promising approach that is supported by three theories: the gut microbiota hypothesis, the “old friend” hypothesis, and the leaky gut theory. The effects of gut microbiota on the brain and behavior are fulfilled by the microbiota–gut–brain axis, which is mainly composed of the nervous pathway, endocrine pathway, and immune pathway. Undoubtedly, gut-brain psychology will bring great enhancement to psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry. Various microbiota-improving methods including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, a healthy diet, and healthy lifestyle have shown the capability to promote the function of the gut-brain, microbiota–gut–brain axis, and brain. It will be possible to harness the gut microbiota to improve brain and mental health and prevent and treat related diseases in the future.

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“…Several studies showed that diet posed a significant effect on GM[ 8 , 15 ]. A high-fat diet induced selective enrichment of bile-metabolizing microbiota, such as Bacteroides [ 16 ], whilst high-fiber foods promoted the accumulation of plant-polysaccharide fermenting microbial organisms, including Prevotella and Clostridium [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies declared that short-term dietary intake could rapidly alter human GM[ 8 , 15 ]. In this study, we performed a comparison between diseased infants (before and after KD treatment) and healthy controls, to explore if and how GM of infants with refractory epilepsy differed with that of age-matched healthy subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic diet poses a significant effect on imbalanced gut microbiota in infants with refractory epilepsy

Xie

Zhou²,

Qiu³

et al. 2017

WJG

206

197

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AIMTo investigate whether patients with refractory epilepsy and healthy infants differ in gut microbiota (GM), and how ketogenic diet (KD) alters GM.METHODSA total of 14 epileptic and 30 healthy infants were recruited and seizure frequencies were recorded. Stool samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing using the Illumina Miseq platform. The composition of GM in each sample was analyzed with MOTHUR, and inter-group comparison was conducted by R software.RESULTSAfter being on KD treatment for a week, 64% of epileptic infants showed an obvious improvement, with a 50% decrease in seizure frequency. GM structure in epileptic infants (P1 group) differed dramatically from that in healthy infants (Health group). Proteobacteria, which had accumulated significantly in the P1 group, decreased dramatically after KD treatment (P2 group). Cronobacter predominated in the P1 group and remained at a low level both in the Health and P2 groups. Bacteroides increased significantly in the P2 group, in which Prevotella and Bifidobacterium also grew in numbers and kept increasing.CONCLUSIONGM pattern in healthy infants differed dramatically from that of the epileptic group. KD could significantly modify symptoms of epilepsy and reshape the GM of epileptic infants.

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Intestinal Microbiota as an Alternative Therapeutic Target for Epilepsy

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease

The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease

Gut-Brain Psychology: Rethinking Psychology From the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

Ketogenic diet poses a significant effect on imbalanced gut microbiota in infants with refractory epilepsy

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