Intestinal Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome before and after Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy

Peter, Johannes; Fournier, Carl; Keip, Bettina; Rittershaus, Nina; Stephanou-Rieser, Nicola; Durdević, Marija; Dejaco, Clemens; Michalski, Maria; Moser, Gabriele

doi:10.3390/ijms19113619

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…This finding supports an earlier report using similar methodology, 11 and some studies using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) sequencing. 19 , 20 However, our Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes result is challenged by other studies where 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrates the exact opposite balance in IBS, 21–23 or no distinct IBS profile. 24 Factors such as race, regional diet, and methodology may have had an impact on the taxonomic profiles reported.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome are mirrored by changes in gut microbiome

et al. 2020

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The pathophysiology is far from settled, but a gut microbial dysbiosis is hypothesized to be a contributing factor. We earlier published a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for IBS – the REFIT trial. The present data set describes the engraftment and includes participants from the study who received active FMT; 14 participants with effect of FMT ( Effect ) and 8 without ( No effect ). Samples were collected at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. Samples from the transplants ( Donor ) served as a comparator. In total 66 recipient samples and 17 donor samples were subjected to deep metagenomic sequencing, and taxonomic and functional analyses were performed. Alpha diversity measures showed a significantly increased diversity and evenness in the IBS groups compared to the donors. Taxonomic profiles showed higher relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, and lower relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, compared to donors at baseline. This profile was shifted toward the donor profile following FMT. Imputed growth rates showed that the resulting growth pattern was a conglomerate of donor and recipient activity. Thirty-four functional subclasses showed distinct differences between baseline samples and donors, most of which were shifted toward a donor-like profile after FMT. All of these changes were less pronounced in the No effect group. We conclude that FMT induces long-term changes in gut microbiota, and these changes mirror the clinical effect of the treatment. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02154867).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome are mirrored by changes in gut microbiome

et al. 2020

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“…The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is also under debate as a possible biomarker of obesity and related dysfunctions [ 53 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. A low Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was found to be associated with lean phenotypes, younger age, cardiovascular health, and a balanced immune system and is generally considered beneficial for health [ 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: The Firmicutes/bacteroidetes Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallstone Disease, Obesity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Possible Biomarker of Gut Dysbiosis

Григорьева

2020

JPM

139

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Obesity is a major risk factor for developing gallstone disease (GSD). Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that the development of GSD may be related to gut dysbiosis. This review presents and summarizes the recent findings of studies on the gut microbiota in patients with GSD. Most of the studies on the gut microbiota in patients with GSD have shown a significant increase in the phyla Firmicutes (Lactobacillaceae family, genera Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Blautia, Dorea, Anaerostipes, and Oscillospira), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium) and a significant decrease in the phyla Bacteroidetes (family Muribaculaceae, and genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Paludibacter, Barnesiella), Firmicutes (genera Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, and Roseburia), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), and Proteobacteria (Desulfovibrio genus). The influence of GSD on microbial diversity is not clear. Some studies report that GSD reduces microbial diversity in the bile, whereas others suggest the increase in microbial diversity in the bile of patients with GSD. The phyla Proteobacteria (especially family Enterobacteriaceae) and Firmicutes (Enterococcus genus) are most commonly detected in the bile of patients with GSD. On the other hand, the composition of bile microbiota in patients with GSD shows considerable inter-individual variability. The impact of GSD on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is unclear and reports are contradictory. For this reason, it should be stated that the results of reviewed studies do not allow for drawing unequivocal conclusions regarding the relationship between GSD and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the microbiota.

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“…The microbes on and within the human body carry dramatic numbers of functional genes-the sort that might influence vitality and quality of life, and contribute to, or decrease the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [45]. Moreover, microbes may directly and indirectly (through metabolic by-products) determine the level of success of medical interventions, including responses to prescription drugs or psychological therapies [46][47][48].…”

Section: The Microbiome and Omics Revolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Ecology—Transforming 21st-Century Medicine with Planetary Health in Mind

Nelson¹,

Prescott

Logan³

et al. 2019

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Four decades ago, several health movements were sprouting in isolation. In 1980, the environmental group Friends of the Earth expanded the World Health Organization definition of health, reminding citizenry that, “health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and ecological well-being and not merely the absence of disease—personal health involves planetary health”. At the same time, a small group of medical clinicians were voicing the concept of “clinical ecology”—that is, a perspective that sees illness, especially chronic illness, as a response to the total lived experience and the surroundings in which “exposures” accumulate. In parallel, other groups advanced the concept of holistic medicine. In 1977, the progressive physician-scientist Jonas Salk stated that “we are entering into a new Epoch in which holistic medicine will be the dominant model”. However, only recently have the primary messages of these mostly isolated movements merged into a unified interdisciplinary discourse. The grand, interconnected challenges of our time—an epidemic of non-communicable diseases, global socioeconomic inequalities, biodiversity losses, climate change, disconnect from the natural environment—demands that all of medicine be viewed from an ecological perspective. Aided by advances in ‘omics’ technology, it is increasingly clear that each person maintains complex, biologically-relevant microbial ecosystems, and those ecosystems are, in turn, a product of the lived experiences within larger social, political, and economic ecosystems. Recognizing that 21st-century medicine is, in fact, clinical ecology can help clear an additional path as we attempt to exit the Anthropocene.

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Intestinal Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome before and after Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy

Cited by 35 publications

References 73 publications

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome are mirrored by changes in gut microbiome

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome are mirrored by changes in gut microbiome

Gallstone Disease, Obesity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Possible Biomarker of Gut Dysbiosis

Clinical Ecology—Transforming 21st-Century Medicine with Planetary Health in Mind

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