Intestinal M Cells: A Pathway for Entry of Reovirus into the Host

Wolf, Jacqueline L.; Rubin, Donald H.; Finberg, Robert W.; Kauffman, Robert S.; Sharpe, Arlene H.; Trier, Jerry S.; Fields, Bernard N.

doi:10.1126/science.6259737

Cited by 460 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…M cells in the FAE provide an entry site for pathogens, such as S. typhimurium, Mycobacterium bovis, Shigella flexneri, Y. enterocolitica and retroviruses (4,(38)(39)(40). It is well known that the invasion genes of the Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI1) are necessary for the entry of S. typhimurium into FAE-M cells and epithelial cells (38,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal villous M cells: An antigen entry site in the mucosal epithelium

Jang

Kweon

Iwatani

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

421

331

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T he huge intestinal surface area is physically protected by a layer of tightly joined epithelial cells, which prevent most enteric environmental antigens from penetrating the host (1). However, entry into the host is made possible by a special gateway, comprised of M cells, located over organized mucosal lymphoid follicles such as Peyer's patches (PP). The M cells, characterized by an irregular brush border and reduced glycocalyx, efficiently take up and transport a wide variety of macromolecules and microorganisms from the gut lumen to the inside of the PP (2-6), which contain all of the necessary lymphoid cells for the induction and regulation of antigen-specific IgA responses (7). However, the origin of M cells and the regulation of their development are not understood. A previous study (8) The common mucosal immune system (CMIS), which connects the inductive (e.g., PP) and effector (e.g., lamina propria; LP) sites, has been shown to be a central pathway for the induction of antigen-specific IgA immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract (7). For example, oral administration of Salmonella typhimurium leads to the transport of the bacterial antigen from the lumen of the intestinal tract into the PP by means of M cells for the initial priming of antigen-specific CD4 ϩ T cells and IgA-committed B cells (12). These antigen-sensitized cells leave the PP and contribute to the subsequent induction of Salmonella-specific IgA response in the distant intestinal LP by means of CMIS. In addition to the wellcharacterized CMIS-dependent IgA induction pathway, recent evidence suggests the presence of an additional IgA induction pathway that is independently operated from the PP-originated CMIS (13-15). Interestingly, it also has been reported that induction of intestinal mucosal IgA against the commensal bacteria was independent from T cell help and organized lymphoid tissue (16). Further, our recent study (17) has demonstrated that antigenspecific IgA antibody responses can be induced in the absence of PP. These studies imply the existence of a PP-independent mucosal immune pathway for dietary antigen and bacteria uptake.A recent study (18) has suggested that the invasion gene (SPI1)-deficient S. typhimurium can be disseminated from the intestinal epithelium to the systemic compartment in the absence of PPassociated M cells by means of the CD18-dependent pathway. Further, dendritic cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine expressing tight junction protein offer another possible antigen uptake site (19). Thus, intestinal DCs are capable of extending dendrites to the lumen side by opening the tight junction. However, the exact mechanism for inducing Ag-specific immune responses independently of PP requires further elucidation.In this study, we have discovered intestinal villous M cells, which serve as an antigen gateway for the sampling of gut bacteria and subsequent induction of Ag-specific immune responses in a PPindependent manner. These lines of study are crucial for understanding the mechanisms of antige...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal villous M cells: An antigen entry site in the mucosal epithelium

Jang

Kweon

Iwatani

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

421

331

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“…M cells form tight junctions between abutting columnar cells, and are also reported to serve as a barrier between lymphoid cells and the luminal space to keep them in a certain proximity. Specific functions reported include the-uptake of horseradish peroxidase by mouse M cells within 5 min after its injection (6), the entry of Reovirus into the mouse tissue through the intestinal M cell (9), and the specific adherence of Escherichia coli strain RDEC-I to rabbit M cells (2,3). The authors of these reports suggested the ability of M cells to transport antigens to the enfolded lymphoid cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytopathogenic Effect of Salmonella typhi GIFU 10007 on M cells of Murine Ileal Peyer's Patches in Ligated Ileal Loops: An Ultrastructural Study

Kohbata

Yokoyama

Yabuuchi

1986

Microbiology and Immunology

207

100

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“…The epithelium overlying the dome surface contains a number of a special type of cell, termed the M cell (OWEN and JONES, 1974), and differs from that of the surrounding villi. These M cells are believed to play an important role in the transportation of intraluminal antigens to the underlying lymphoid tissue (BOCKMAN and COOPER, 1973;OWEN, 1977;WOLF et al, 1981). Peyer's patches are attracting greater recognition as the major component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) which has a significant role not only in the local defense system but also in the systemic immune systmem (see review by KAGNOFF, 1987).…”

Section: Lymphoid Folliclesmentioning

confidence: 99%