Intestinal Involvement Secondary to the Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS): Clinical and Immunologic Characteristics of 97 Patients: Comparison of Classic and Catastrophic APS1

Antiphospholipid Syndrome Manifested by Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Can We Overlook Endoscopically Revealed Small Lesions?

“…intestinal ischemia, infarctions and involvement of intra-abdominal organs, and symptoms denoting the involvement of the central nervous system), obstruction of two or more vessels, especially small vessels compared with the standard APS, and a high mortality rate [2] . The APS presenting with intestinal involvement has been rarely reported [3] . However, it has become obvious that there is a high frequency of intestinal involvement in catastrophic APS, which is not seen with classic APS [3] .…”

“…The APS presenting with intestinal involvement has been rarely reported [3] . However, it has become obvious that there is a high frequency of intestinal involvement in catastrophic APS, which is not seen with classic APS [3] . Among classic APS associated with intestinal involvement, the prevalence of clinical manifestations present in patients included gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 14%, and in 4% the histopathologic finding was ischemic Dear Sir,…”

A Case of Unresectable Rectal Necrosis

“…The patient presented in this case report had multiple risk factors for IC including antiphospholipid syndrome with a past history of DVT and PE, previous abdominal surgery, CHF with low EF, septic shock, and the initiation of vasopressors [8–10]. According to the literature, aortoiliac surgery (absent in this case) still remains the most common etiology of rectal ischemia due to disruption of its collateral blood supply [11].…”

Gastrointestinal: Ischemic gastrointestinal manifestations in a young adult: Implicating a rare initial presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome

“…Splenic and intestinal infarctions as the initial manifestation of APS is exceedingly rare in the literature, and is more often described as part of catastrophic APS [2,3] . Given the significantly increased morbidity and mortality in patients with APS [4] , …”