Intestinal inflammation, ileal structure and function in HIV

Bjarnason, Ingvar; Sharpstone, Dan; Francis, N.; Marker, Alison; Taylor, Chris; Barrett, Michael P.; Macpherson, Andrew J.; Baldwin, Christine; Menzies, Ian S.; Crane, Roger C.; Smith, Terry; Pozniak, Anton; Gazzard, Brian

doi:10.1097/00002030-199610000-00011

Cited by 80 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…37 To our knowledge, eight published studies have reported morphometric (N = 6) and/or permeability (N = 4) data in both early and late HIV infection. 9,34,35,[37][38][39][40][41] Of the morphometric studies, four 9,34,37,39 found no evidence of villous changes in early HIV infection but two 38,40 did. Crypt changes were observed in early infection in two 9,34 but not in others [37][38][39][40] ; generally it was the larger studies that found the difference.…”

Section: Enteropathy Is a Feature Of Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, of the permeability studies, none found any evidence of enteropathy in early HIV. 9,34,35,41 Taken together, although there are some enteropathic changes (crypt hyperplasia, cytokine dysregulation) in early HIV infection, the most important changes from the perspective of MT are predominantly seen in advanced disease.…”

Section: Enteropathy Is a Feature Of Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteropathies in the Developing World: Neglected Effects on Global Health

Prendergast¹,

Kelly²

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

233

243

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Section: Enteropathy Is a Feature Of Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enteropathy Is a Feature Of Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteropathies in the Developing World: Neglected Effects on Global Health

Prendergast¹,

Kelly²

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

233

243

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“…[4][5][6] Histologically, the enteropathy involves inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytes and damage to the GI epithelial layer, including villous atrophy, crypt hyperlasia, and villous blunting. [7][8][9] Importantly, these pathologic changes occur in the absence of the detectable bacterial, viral, or fungal enteropathogens that are often associated with enteropathy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV infection and the gastrointestinal immune system

2008

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There has recently been a resurgence of interest in the gastrointestinal pathology observed in patients infected with HIV. The gastrointestinal tract is a major site of HIV replication, which results in massive depletion of lamina propria CD4 T cells during acute infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy leads to incomplete suppression of viral replication and substantially delayed and only partial restoration of gastrointestinal CD4 T cells. The gastrointestinal pathology associated with HIV infection comprises significant enteropathy with increased levels of inflammation and decreased levels of mucosal repair and regeneration. Assessment of gut mucosal immune system has provided novel directions for therapeutic interventions that modify the consequences of acute HIV infection.The mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract forms a unique anatomical and physiological niche, serving as a predominant structural and immunological barrier against the microorganisms of the outside world. In addition, the tightly apposed enterocytes that form the single cell layer of the mucosal epithelium also absorb water and nutrients during the digestive process, which is critical to host survival. Hence, loss of the integrity of the mucosal surface results in multiple deleterious sequelae.

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“…Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including chronic diarrhea and malabsorption, are frequent manifestations of human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) infections (3,17,18,22,29,30,33,39,43,56,60,61). Although these disorders are generally not life-threatening, they are a major cause of morbidity and contribute to the weight loss and wasting commonly seen in patients with AIDS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in as many as onethird of HIV-infected individuals with GI symptoms, no opportunistic pathogens can be identified. Clinically, these patients demonstrate evidence of increased small intestinal permeability and malabsorption of lipids and sugar without overt histological changes in the intestinal mucosa (3,22,25,56). In these patients it has been proposed that HIV itself contributes to the development of GI symptoms, either directly or indirectly; hence, the term HIV enteropathy has been applied to this syndrome.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enteric Ganglionitis in Rhesus Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Orandle

Veazey

Lackner

2007

J Virol

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Gastrointestinal (GI) disease is a debilitating feature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection thatcan occur in the absence of histopathological abnormalities or identifiable enteropathogens. However, the mechanisms of GI dysfunction are poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to characterize changes in resident and inflammatory cells in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of macaques during the acute stage of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection to gain insight into potential pathogenic mechanisms of GI disease. Ganglia from duodenum, ileum, and colon were examined in healthy and acutely infected macaques by using a combination of routine histology, double-label immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. Evaluation of tissues from infected macaques showed progressive infiltration of myenteric ganglia by CD3 ؉ T cells and IBA1 ؉ macrophages beginning as early as 8 days postinfection. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the severity of myenteric ganglionitis increased with time after SIV infection and, in general, was more severe in ganglia from the small intestine than in ganglia from the colon. Despite an abundance of inflammatory cells in myenteric ganglia during acute infection, the ENS was not a target for virus infection. This study provides evidence that the ENS may be playing a role in the pathogenesis of GI disease and enteropathy in HIV-infected people.

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Intestinal inflammation, ileal structure and function in HIV

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Enteropathies in the Developing World: Neglected Effects on Global Health

Enteropathies in the Developing World: Neglected Effects on Global Health

HIV infection and the gastrointestinal immune system

Enteric Ganglionitis in Rhesus Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

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