Intestinal Immune Response to Human<i>Cryptosporidium</i>sp. Infection

Pantenburg, Birte; Dann, Sara M.; Wang, Heuy-Ching; Robinson, Prema; Castellanos-González, Alejandro; Lewis, Dorothy E.; White, A. Clinton

doi:10.1128/iai.00960-07

Cited by 75 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…However, it is important to stress that although antibody responses to specific antigens were associated with protection from diarrhea, it remains to be determined whether these responses, particularly those that are T cell-dependent are themselves protective or whether they are markers of underlying protective cell-mediated responses. 72 The finding that IgG responses to specific antigens were associated with protection from diarrhea suggests that they are T-cell dependent and raise the possibility that they reflect underlying T cell-mediated responses to these antigens. It is also important to note that other factors such as host genetics and malnutrition could also account for low antibody levels in HIV-infected patients with diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in Kenya: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Molecular Characterization and Antibody Responses

Wanyiri¹,

Kanyi²,

Maina³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of cryptosporidiosis, the molecular characteristics of infecting species and serum antibody responses to three Cryptosporidium-specific antigens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Kenya. Cryptosporidium was the most prevalent enteric pathogen and was identified in 56 of 164 (34%) of HIV/AIDS patients, including 25 of 70 (36%) with diarrhea and 31 of 94 (33%) without diarrhea. Diarrhea in patients exclusively infected with Cryptosporidium was significantly associated with the number of children per household, contact with animals, and water treatment. Cryptosporidium hominis was the most prevalent species and the most prevalent subtype family was Ib. Patients without diarrhea had significantly higher serum IgG levels to Chgp15, Chgp40 and Cp23, and higher fecal IgA levels to Chgp15 and Chgp40 than those with diarrhea suggesting that antibody responses to these antigens may be associated with protection from diarrhea and supporting further investigation of these antigens as vaccine candidates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in Kenya: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Molecular Characterization and Antibody Responses

Wanyiri¹,

Kanyi²,

Maina³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Resistance to and control of C. parvum infection involve a broad activation of the immune system (26). Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms are triggered during the infection of the intestinal epithelial cells with Cryptosporidium, although final clearance of the parasite requires adaptive immunity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Immunological Characterization of Three Potential Vaccinogens against Cryptosporidium Species

Manque

Tenjo

Woehlbier

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Cryptosporidiosis is a ubiquitous infectious disease, caused by the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, leading to acute, persistent, and chronic diarrhea with life-threatening consequences in immunocompromised individuals. In developing countries, cryptosporidiosis in early childhood has been associated with subsequent significant impairment in growth, physical fitness, and intellectual abilities. Currently, vaccines are unavailable and chemotherapeutics are toxic and impractical, and agents for immunoprophylaxis or treatment of cryptosporidiosis are a high priority. Availability of the genome sequences for C. hominis and C. parvum provides new opportunities to procure and examine novel vaccine candidates. Using the novel approach of "reverse vaccinology," we identified several new potential vaccine candidates. Three of these antigens-Cp15, profilin, and a Cryptosporidium apyrase-were delivered in heterologous prime-boost regimens as fusions with cytolysin A (ClyA) in a Salmonella live vaccine vector and as purified recombinant antigens, and they were found to induce specific and potent humoral and cellular immune responses, suggesting their potential as new vaccinogens against Cryptosporidium infection.

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“…However, whereas CD4 + T cells are clearly important for clearing the parasite in both mice and men, [2][3][4]7 the role of other immunologic factors, e.g., IFN-γ, seems to differ between murine and human cryptosporidiosis. 1 Although CD8 + T cells may not play an important role in the protective immune response toward C. parvum infection in mice, 6,7 their role in the human immune response against this parasite has never been studied. Recent findings of our group and other groups led us to hypothesize that CD8 + T cells may play a previously unrecognized role in clearing the parasite in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While CD4 + T cells clearly play a pivotal role [2][3][4] and natural killer cells seem to be involved, 5 the importance of other components of the immune system, e.g., antibodies, remains controversial. 1 The role of human CD8 + T cells has never been studied. One of the most important cytokines involved in the immune response against the parasite is IFN-γ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors contributing to the human immune response against Cryptosporidium are not yet completely determined. 1 Among others, CD4 + T cells appear to play a pivotal role in both mice and humans, as the risk to experience severe and chronic disease increases with CD4 + T cell depletion. [2][3][4] Natural killer cells have shown to be able to clear infected human epithelial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human CD8+ T Cells Clear Cryptosporidium parvum from Infected Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Pantenburg¹,

Castellanos-González²,

Dann³

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Intestinal Immune Response to HumanCryptosporidiumsp. Infection

Cited by 75 publications

References 99 publications

Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in Kenya: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Molecular Characterization and Antibody Responses

Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in Kenya: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Molecular Characterization and Antibody Responses

Identification and Immunological Characterization of Three Potential Vaccinogens against Cryptosporidium Species

Human CD8+ T Cells Clear Cryptosporidium parvum from Infected Intestinal Epithelial Cells

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