Intestinal histomorphology, autochthonous microbiota and growth performance of the oscar (Astronotus ocellatusAgassiz, 1831) following dietary administration of xylooligosaccharide

Abstract

The present study investigates the changes in intestinal histomorphology, autochthonous microbiota and growth performance of the oscar, Astronotus ocellatus, following dietary administration of different levels of xylooligosaccharide (XOS). One hundred forty-four oscars (8.88 AE 0.23 g; n = 144) were randomly stocked in 12 aquaria (100-L) assigned to four treatments repeated in triplicate. Fish were fed a commercial diet, Biomar, supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5, 1, 2%) of XOS for 8 weeks. Treatments were investigated under static aerated water conditions with a 70% daily water exchange. Evaluation of intestinal histomorphology (villus height, enterocytes height and thickness of the tunica muscularis) revealed no significant differences between XOS-fed groups and the control treatment (P > 0.05). However, administration of XOS in the oscar diet increased the total autochthonous intestinal heterotrophic bacteria significantly (P < 0.05). Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria levels were also significantly elevated in XOS-fed groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary XOS remarkably increased growth performance (control: 22.76 AE 2.79, 2% XOS: 29.13 AE 2. 8; n = 12) parameters of the oscar (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated the beneficial effects of XOS on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of A. ocellatus.

Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide on growth and feeding performance, body composition and physiological responses of sobaity seabream ( Sparidentex hasta ) juvenile

“…However, in contrast to our results, growth‐enhancing effects of dietary XOS have been reported previously in other fish species such as turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) by Li, Wang, Wang, and Jiang (), crucian carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) by Xu, Wang, Li, and Lin () and oscar ( Astronotus ocellatus ) by Hoseinifar, Khalili, et al. (). Moreover, Hoseinifar, Ahmadi, et al.…”

“…In contrast to our results Xu et al. () reported that administration of 50–200 mg/kg XOS in crucian carp, 10–30g/kg FOS in the diet of Caspian roach (Soleimani et al., ) and 10g/kg sc‐FOS in the diet of common carp (Hoseinifar, Eshaghzadeh, et al., ; Hoseinifar, Khalili, et al., ; Hoseinifar, Zoheiri, et al., ) had significant effects on amylase, lipase and protease activities compared to the control group. Digestive enzymes activities were unaffected by addition of XOS to diet of sobaity seabream fish.…”

“…(), Eshaghzadeh, Hoseinifar, Vahabzadeh, and Ringø (), Hoseinifar, Eshaghzadeh, Vahabzadeh, and Peykaran Mana (), Hoseinifar, Khalili, et al. (), Hoseinifar, Zoheiri, Dadar, Rufchaei, and Ringø () and Ali, Ambasankar, Praveena, Nandakumar, and Syamadayal (), respectively, reported that administration of 2–4g/kg mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), 5–10g/kg inulin and short‐chain fructooligosaccharide (sc‐FOS) and 25 to 100g/kg fructooligosaccharide (FOS) could not exert a positive effect on growth performance and feed utilization in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) and Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ). However, in contrast to our results, growth‐enhancing effects of dietary XOS have been reported previously in other fish species such as turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) by Li, Wang, Wang, and Jiang (), crucian carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) by Xu, Wang, Li, and Lin () and oscar ( Astronotus ocellatus ) by Hoseinifar, Khalili, et al.…”

Prebiotics as functional ingredients: focus on Mediterranean fish aquaculture

“…2010b; Hoseinifar et al . 2011b, , ,b, ,b; Azimirad et al . ) and that SCFA production change depending on the prebiotics provided (Kihara & Sakata ; Burr et al .…”

“…; Hoseinifar et al . 2015a, 2016c; Carbone & Faggio ; Dawood & Koshio ), none has made a general review of prebiotics’ benefits and possible mechanisms of action. Thus, the aim of this review is to fulfil this gap, providing data on prebiotics’ benefits and mechanisms of action, with special attention to effects on growth performance, gut microbiota, digestive enzymes, gut morphology, immune response, disease and stress resistance, intermediary metabolism, and oxidative status.…”