Intestinal flora imbalance results in altered bacterial translocation and liver function in rats with experimental cirrhosis

Zhang, Wei; Gu, Yu-Rong; Chen, Youming; Deng, Hong; Chen, Lubiao; Chen, Sui; Zhang, Genglin; Gao, Zhiliang

doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e32833eb8b0

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Endotoxins concentrations were determined using the chromogenic LAL assay, the most preferred method to quantify endotoxins in biological fluids. Although LAL assay can lead to erroneous endotoxins values due to variations in LAL preparations, cross-reactions, and low detection limits [37], our data is consistent with previous publications [32, 38]. The low number of animals included in our study ( n = 6) may explain the nonsignificant statistical decrease in circulating endotoxins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although fecal bacteria do not exactly reproduce the gut microbiota composition [30], they represent a good indicator of the changes arising in the colon [3, 31]. In addition, APA microencapsulated B. infantis ATCC 15697 significantly reduced fecal Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli compared to the saline treatment, in agreement with previous studies [32]. Furthermore, supplementation with the probiotic bacterial formulation nonsignificantly reduced fecal Gram-negative bacteria and increased Gram-positive bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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MicroencapsulatedBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisATCC 15697 Favorably Modulates Gut Microbiota and Reduces Circulating Endotoxins in F344 Rats

Rodes

Saha

Tomaro-Duchesneau

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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The gut microbiota is a bacterial bioreactor whose composition is an asset for human health. However, circulating gut microbiota derived endotoxins cause metabolic endotoxemia, promoting metabolic and liver diseases. This study investigates the potential of orally delivered microencapsulated Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697 to modulate the gut microbiota and reduce endotoxemia in F344 rats. The rats were gavaged daily with saline or microencapsulated B. infantis ATCC 15697. Following 38 days of supplementation, the treated rats showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in fecal Bifidobacteria (4.34 ± 0.46 versus 2.45 ± 0.25% of total) and B. infantis (0.28 ± 0.21 versus 0.52 ± 0.12 % of total) and a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in fecal Enterobacteriaceae (0.80 ± 0.45 versus 2.83 ± 0.63% of total) compared to the saline control. In addition, supplementation with the probiotic formulation reduced fecal (10.52 ± 0.18 versus 11.29 ± 0.16 EU/mg; P = 0.01) and serum (0.33 ± 0.015 versus 0.30 ± 0.015 EU/mL; P = 0.25) endotoxins. Thus, microencapsulated B. infantis ATCC 15697 modulates the gut microbiota and reduces colonic and serum endotoxins. Future preclinical studies should investigate the potential of the novel probiotic formulation in metabolic and liver diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

MicroencapsulatedBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisATCC 15697 Favorably Modulates Gut Microbiota and Reduces Circulating Endotoxins in F344 Rats

Rodes

Saha

Tomaro-Duchesneau

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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“…Amsterdam et al (2010) Patients may be infected in the community and transfer these bacteria to hospitals, as happened for methicillin resistance S. aureus or vice versa (Song et al, 2011). Exchanging of resident flora in the hospital with circulating bacteria in the community, may gradually reduce the efficacy of the prescribed antibiotics in outpatients and render them ineffective (Zhang et al 2010;Moskowitz et al, 2010). Nevertheless, this flow does not reduce the nosocomial resistance rate due to continuous emerging of resistant isolates which may happen under selective pressure of consuming antibiotics in the hospitals (Ozer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns of the Bacteria Isolated from Patients' Blood Samples over Two Periods

Japoni¹

2011

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Problem statement: Due to continuous changes in the frequencies and antibacterial susceptibility patterns of nosocomial pathogens, periodical surveillance of these fluctuations could help the clinicians to treat hospitalized patients more efficiently whenever empirical therapies need to be considered. This study was conducted to compare the prevalence of the bacteria recovered from bloodstream samples by Bactec 9240, over the two periods of 2001-2004 and 2005-2008 and to evaluate their antibacterial susceptibility patterns. Approach: Totally, 3622 culture positive blood samples were analyzed over the periods. Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by standard disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. The data were compared in terms of quantity and quality of the pathogens and based on their distributions in three main wards. Results: Changes were observed in bacterial composition and frequencies of them, between the two periods. Compared with the first pried, increased frequencies of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as S. aureus, enterococci, acintobacter and pseudomonas were noticed in the second period. Most patients were admitted to pediatrics, followed by adults and neonates wards. Increased antibiotic resistance of the majority of the bacteria in the second period indicates the decreased efficacy of corresponding antibiotics. However, overall efficacy of some antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and amikacin against Gram positive bacteria preserved. Conclusion: Trend of composition of the bacteria from first to second period could suggest the domination of antibiotic resistant bacteria over the sensitive ones. Appropriate strategies including strict control measures and rational prescription of the effective antibiotics may retard the trend accordingly. Vancomycin and imipenem were the most active antibiotics against Gram positive and negative bacteria. Combination of these two antibiotics is highly recommended for empirical therapy.

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“…In rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis, antibiotic therapy and probiotic supplements have decreased systemic endotoxin levels and improved liver tests[265], and in rats with ischemic/re-perfusion liver injury, probiotic supplements with Lactobacillus have reduced the production of pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic cytokines and improved liver tests[266] (Table 3). The intestinal microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PSC[267,268], and a small randomized clinical trial has indicated that treatment with vancomycin or metronidazole can improve serum alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels and decrease pruritus[269].…”

Section: Developing Treatment Strategies To Investigatementioning

confidence: 99%

Factoring the intestinal microbiome into the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis

Czaja¹

2016

WJG

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The intestinal microbiome is a reservoir of microbial antigens and activated immune cells. The aims of this review were to describe the role of the intestinal microbiome in generating innate and adaptive immune responses, indicate how these responses contribute to the development of systemic immune-mediated diseases, and encourage investigations that improve the understanding and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microflora (dysbiosis) can disrupt intestinal and systemic immune tolerances for commensal bacteria. Toll-like receptors within the intestine can recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns and shape subsets of T helper lymphocytes that may cross-react with host antigens (molecular mimicry). Activated gut-derived lymphocytes can migrate to lymph nodes, and gut-derived microbial antigens can translocate to extra-intestinal sites. Inflammasomes can form within hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, and they can drive the pro-inflammatory, immune-mediated, and fibrotic responses. Diet, designer probiotics, vitamin supplements, re-colonization methods, antibiotics, drugs that decrease intestinal permeability, and molecular interventions that block signaling pathways may emerge as adjunctive regimens that complement conventional immunosuppressive management. In conclusion, investigations of the intestinal microbiome are warranted in autoimmune hepatitis and promise to clarify pathogenic mechanisms and suggest alternative management strategies.

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Intestinal flora imbalance results in altered bacterial translocation and liver function in rats with experimental cirrhosis

Abstract: Gut flora imbalances in cirrhotic rats result in significant changes in BT and liver function in cirrhotic rats.

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

MicroencapsulatedBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisATCC 15697 Favorably Modulates Gut Microbiota and Reduces Circulating Endotoxins in F344 Rats

MicroencapsulatedBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisATCC 15697 Favorably Modulates Gut Microbiota and Reduces Circulating Endotoxins in F344 Rats

Comparative Study of Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns of the Bacteria Isolated from Patients' Blood Samples over Two Periods

Factoring the intestinal microbiome into the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis

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