Intestinal dysbiosis mediates cognitive impairment via the intestine and brain NLRP3 inflammasome activation in chronic sleep deprivation

Aflatoxin B1 exposure causes splenic pyroptosis by disturbing the gut microbiota-immune axis

“…36,37 Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are the predominant phyla in the gut microbiota, and the ratio between them (B/F ratio) is utilized as a direct indicator of gut equilibrium. 38 Our study revealed a significant reduction in B/F ratio upon exposure to AFB 1 , indicating dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The current main hypothesis regarding the specific mechanisms by which AFB 1 affects the gut microbiota is that AFB 1 , as a mycotoxin, possesses antimicrobial properties and shows toxic effects on intestinal cells, leading to the leakage of antimicrobial compounds.…”

Treatment of preterm brain injury via gut‐microbiota–metabolite–brain axis

“…The permeability of these barriers is closely related to the transport of microbiota‐derived metabolites and neurotransmitters in the MGBA 73 . Animal experiments revealed that increases ratio of the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and associated metabolite changes activated NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in the colon and brain, disrupting the functional integrity of the BBB, stimulating neuroinflammation, and leading to brain cell apoptosis 74,75 . The expression of occludin and claudin‐5 decreased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex after long‐term high‐fat diet intake, leading to impaired brain function and neurobehavioral changes involving mood, social skills, learning, and memory 76 .…”

Urolithin A Ameliorates Athletic Ability and Intestinal Microbiota in Sleep Deprivation from the Perspective of the Gut‐Muscle Axis

“…[6] Thus, the dietary interventions targeting to "SD microbiota" have proved to be promising strategies to immunity and exercise function maintenance. [2,7] Urolithin A (UA, C 16 H 18 O 9 ) is a major gut-derived metabolite from foods rich in ellagitannins and ellagic acid, such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. [8] It exhibits a wide range of beneficial bioactive properties including anti-ageing, anti-metabolic disorder, and immunomodulatory activities.…”

“…Recent evidence shows that gut microbiota may serve as a driver in SD, maintaining the intestinal homeostasis. [ 2 ] Regular physical activity has the potential to alter the gut microbiome compositions, as demonstrated by fecal samples exhibiting a higher diversity of microorganisms in athletes relative to sedentary individuals. [ 3 ] Thus, the “gut‐muscle” axis hypothesis might be posited as one of the potential explanations for how alterations in gut microbiota connect with skeletal muscle adaptations under the physiological stimuli in exercise.…”

“…[ 6 ] Thus, the dietary interventions targeting to “SD microbiota” have proved to be promising strategies to immunity and exercise function maintenance. [ 2,7 ]…”