Intestinal Cryptosporidium sp. infection in the Egyptian tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni

Graczyk, Thaddeus K.; Cranfield, Mike; Mann, Jasdeep; Strandberg, John D.

doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00143-x

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…How many of these represent pseudoparasites and how many represent pathogens is currently unknown. Turtles and tortoises are known to be infected with distinct gastric and intestinal forms of Cryptosporidium (78,79,255), and gekkonids harbor a distinct cloacal form (231). Several unknown intestinal Cryptosporidium genotypes have been identified in snakes and lizards by molecular analysis (255; Xiao, unpublished).…”

Section: Cryptosporidium Species Of Reptilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium Taxonomy: Recent Advances and Implications for Public Health

et al. 2004

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There has been an explosion of descriptions of new species of Cryptosporidium during the last two decades. This has been accompanied by confusion regarding the criteria for species designation, largely because of the lack of distinct morphologic differences and strict host specificity among Cryptosporidium spp. A review of the biologic species concept, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and current practices for Cryptosporidium species designation calls for the establishment of guidelines for naming Cryptosporidium species. All reports of new Cryptosporidium species should include at least four basic components: oocyst morphology, natural host specificity, genetic characterizations, and compliance with the ICZN. Altogether, 13 Cryptosporidium spp. are currently recognized: C. muris, C. andersoni, C. parvum, C. hominis, C. wrairi, C. felis, and C. cannis in mammals; C. baïleyi, C. meleagridis, and C. galli in birds; C. serpentis and C. saurophilum in reptiles; and C. molnari in fish. With the establishment of a framework for naming Cryptosporidium species and the availability of new taxonomic tools, there should be less confusion associated with the taxonomy of the genus Cryptosporidium. The clarification of Cryptosporidium taxonomy is also useful for understanding the biology of Cryptosporidium spp., assessing the public health significance of Cryptosporidium spp. in animals and the environment, characterizing transmission dynamics, and tracking infection and contamination sources

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Section: Cryptosporidium Species Of Reptilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium Taxonomy: Recent Advances and Implications for Public Health

et al. 2004

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“…in Testudines published in the last fifteen years relate to the infection in the following species: radiated tortoise ( Geochelone radiata ), Indian star tortoise ( Geochelone elegans ), travancore-like tortoise ( Indotestudo spp. ), gopher tortoise ( Gopherus polyphemus ), spur-thighed tortoise ( Testudo graeca ), Egyptian tortoise ( Testudo kleinmanni ) and Hermann's tortoise ( Testudo hermanni ) [9,10,12,13], but no comprehensive data on multi-locus genetic characterization, infection site/s or biological aspects were generated. For example, in a study performed in 1997 in the United States, G. radiata , G. elegans , Indotestudo sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another key example is provided by the fatal intestinal pathology ascribed to Cryptosporidium spp. in T. kleinmanni in 1998, which was not supported by the genetic characterization of the pathogen [12]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a new species of Cryptosporidium infecting tortoises: Cryptosporidium ducismarci

Traversa

2010

Parasites Vectors

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Cryptosporidiosis affects the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract of humans as well as of a wide range of companion, farm, laboratory and wild animals. In the past few years, three independent studies have provided strong evidence for the existence of a distinct Cryptosporidium species affecting tortoises and likely circulating in other reptile species as well. A new Cryptosporidium genotype was firstly detected and genetically characterized in a marginated tortoise in Italy in 2007 and named Cryptosporidium sp. ex Testudo marginata CrIT-20. The phylogenetic analysis of this isolate indicated that this Cryptosporidium was unique and belonged to the intestinal clade. These findings were later on confirmed by the detection of genetic homologies of isolates from a python and a chameleon from Spain and by recent research in the United States. The latter study presented both the occurrence of intestinal lesions in a pancake tortoise and a Russian tortoise and the genetic characterization of the isolates, together with the first pictures of the endogenous stages of Cryptosporidium CrIT-20. Phylogenetic inference based on the sequences representing small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) of these isolates confirmed the pathological findings because this Cryptosporidium was related to the intestinal group and supported previous results in T. marginata from Italy. The present scientific data on the Cryptosporidium CrIT-20 support its classification as a new species of Cryptosporidium causing intestinal diseases in tortoises. Although further morphological (i.e. exogenous stages) and biological aspects (i.e. complete host range) are yet to be elucidated, it is proposed that this Cryptosporidium is designated Cryptosporidium ducismarci.

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“…Tortoise and turtles are served as carriers for Entamoeba [2], Coccidia [14] and Cryptosporidium species [23]. The cyptosporidia has been reported in the Egyptian tortoise, however the organism was distributed only in the apical part of the intestinal epithelia without forming ulcers [5]. Apparently, the size and shape of the present protozoa were similar to those of cryptosporidia, although definite identification should be made by further investigations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Gastrointestinal Candidiasis in an Aldabra Giant Tortoise (Geochelone gigantea)

Juniantito

Izawa

Kuwamura

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. An adult female Aldabra giant tortoise (Geochelone gigantea) was found dead with a 2 month-history of decreased appetite. At necropsy, multiple ulcers were seen in the mucosa of stomach and colon. Histopathologically, the ulcers were characterized by extensive necrosis, hemorrhage, and marked edema, along with numerous chlamidospores and aseptate fungal hyphae. Fungal structures infiltrated into the lamina propria, submucosa and muscle layer; their invasion into blood vessels formed thrombosis. Immunohistochemically, the fungal structures were strongly positive with an antibody against Candida spp. This case is the first report on gastrointestinal candidiasis in an Aldabra giant tortoise.KEY WORDS: Aldabra giant tortoise, candidiasis, gastrointestinal ulcer.

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Intestinal Cryptosporidium sp. infection in the Egyptian tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Cryptosporidium Taxonomy: Recent Advances and Implications for Public Health

Cryptosporidium Taxonomy: Recent Advances and Implications for Public Health

Evidence for a new species of Cryptosporidium infecting tortoises: Cryptosporidium ducismarci

Gastrointestinal Candidiasis in an Aldabra Giant Tortoise (Geochelone gigantea)

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