Intestinal Chlamydia in Finishing Pigs

Szeredi, Levente; Schiller, Irene; Sydler, Titus; Guscetti, Franco; Heinen, Ernst; Corboz, L.; Eggenberger, E.; Jones, Gareth E.; Pospischil, Andreas

doi:10.1177/030098589603300401

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…A standard peroxidaseantiperoxidase (PAP) irnmunohistochemical staining procedure was carried out on histological sections exhibiting the 2 types of inclusions. Details of the technique have already been described (Majo et al 1995, Szeredi et al 1996. Murine monoclonal antibodies directed against chlamydial genus-specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen, kindly provided by Dr J. Salinas (Departamento d e Patologia Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Spain), were used as primary antibody.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitheliocystis agents in sea bream Sparus aurata:morphological evidence for two distinct chlamydia-like developmental cycles

Crespo¹,

Zarza²,

Padrós³

et al. 1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The morphology of membrane-bound intracellular inclusions, or 'cysts', of epitheliocystis from sea bream Sparus aurata is described. Inclusions under the light microscope appear either granular or amorphous. Granular inclusions do not elicit a proliferative host reaction and contain the 3 distinctive developmental stages of chlamydial organisms: the highly pleomorphic reproductive form or reticulate body, the condensing form or intermediate body and the infective non-dividing rather uniform elementary body. Amorphous inclusions may elicit a proliferative host reaction and contain prokaryotic organisms which differ morphologically from those reported within granular cysts. More or less elongated electron-lucent organisms divide by fission to give rise to electron-dense non-dividing small cells with a dense nucleoid. Vacuolated and non-vacuolated small cells are reported. The morphology and developmental cycle of sea bream epitheliocystis agents would support their chlamydial nature; however, the imn~unohistochen~ical study conducted on gill samples which carried both inclusions failed to demonstrate the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) chlamydial antigen. The different stages of the 2 distinct developmental cycles described in the present study are compared with electron microscope observations of epitheliocystis organisms reported from different host species. The hypothesis that epitheliocystis infection in the sea bream might be caused by a unique highly pleomorphic chlamydia-like agent, the life history of which includes 2 entirely different developmental cycles, is discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitheliocystis agents in sea bream Sparus aurata:morphological evidence for two distinct chlamydia-like developmental cycles

Crespo¹,

Zarza²,

Padrós³

et al. 1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…A high incidence of Chlamydia suis is being found in enteric porcine specimens, indicating that it may be endemic (Schiller et al, 1997;Szeredi et al, 1996;Zahn et al, 1995). The Chlamydia suis 16s rRNA genes that have been sequenced to date differ by < 1-1 YO.…”

Section: Description Of Chlamydia Suis Sp Novmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms

Everett

Bush

Andersen

1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

951

831

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“…Outbreaks of chlamydiosis in pigs have been reported for industrial animal stocks in Eastern European countries, where the habitat of the chlamydiae involved appeared to be the intestinal tract (25,39,47,62,64). Persistent infections of the gut result in intermittent shedding of chlamydiae into the environment, and due to the high tenacity of these organisms, infected feces becomes a source of infection for other animals, as well as for humans (42,62).Chlamydia suis (formerly a porcine serovar of Chlamydia trachomatis), Chlamydia pecorum, and Chlamydophila abortus (formerly Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1) have all been isolated from the porcine gut (28,58,66,72). Chlamydia spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case reports have described the transmission of C. abortus from small ruminants to humans and have been associated with abortion in infected humans as well as health-related problems of pig, cattle, and sheep farmers (9, 44). Several studies revealed a prevalence of chlamydiae in swine ranging from 12 to 30%, with the frequency of detection on individual farms ranging from 0 to 70% (28,66,72). Chlamydiae are found localized predominantly in the large intestine, where chlamydial inclusions are situated in the cytoplasm of enterocytes (11,24,46,48,72).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a Probiotic Strain ofEnterococcus faeciumon the Rate of Natural Chlamydia Infection in Swine

et al. 2005

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Chlamydiae are obligately intracellular pathogens which cause infections associated with a broad range of diseases in both livestock and humans. In addition, a large proportion of animals may become persistently infected asymptomatic carriers and serve as reservoirs for other animals which also shed these potential zoonotic pathogens. Reducing the chlamydial load of animals is therefore of major importance, and since large-scale antibiotic treatment is neither desired nor feasible, alternative means of prevention are needed. Here we performed a study comparing the efficacy of a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecium on the reduction of both the rate of natural infection and the shedding of chlamydiae in swine. The presence of Chlamydiaceae was detected by species-specific PCR of fecal samples of sows taken at three times prior to the birth of piglets. Piglets delivered from chlamydia-positive sows in either the control or the probiotic group were also examined for the frequency of chlamydiae at various ages. Eighty-five percent of the piglets from the control group were found to be chlamydia positive, whereas chlamydiae were found in only 60% of piglets from the probiotic group, results confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistology, which showed higher rates of infection in the control group. In addition to the reduced frequency of chlamydia-positive piglets in the probiotic group, the time of appearance of positive samples was delayed. To our knowledge, these data show for the first time that a probiotic strain of E. faecium can reduce the rate of carryover infections of piglets by obligate intracellular pathogens.Members of the order Chlamydiales are obligately intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells, displaying a unique developmental cycle alternating between extracellular infectious elementary bodies (EB) and intracellular replicating reticulate bodies (RB). In humans, chlamydiae are the leading cause of preventable blindness, sexually transmitted disease, and pneumonia and have also been linked to cardiovascular disease (21,23,35,53,54). Several chlamydial species also are responsible for a variety of clinically and economically important diseases in livestock and domestic animals. In swine, chlamydiae are associated with a broad range of diseases, including abortion and delivery of weak piglets (70, 71), orchitis, epididymitis, and urethritis in boars (56), pericarditis, polyarthritis, and polyserositis in piglets (69), conjunctivitis (48), pneumonia (30), and pseudomembranous or necrotizing enteritis (38, 45). Outbreaks of chlamydiosis in pigs have been reported for industrial animal stocks in Eastern European countries, where the habitat of the chlamydiae involved appeared to be the intestinal tract (25,39,47,62,64). Persistent infections of the gut result in intermittent shedding of chlamydiae into the environment, and due to the high tenacity of these organisms, infected feces becomes a source of infection for other animals, as well as for humans (42,62).Chlamydia suis (form...

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Intestinal Chlamydia in Finishing Pigs

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Epitheliocystis agents in sea bream Sparus aurata:morphological evidence for two distinct chlamydia-like developmental cycles

Epitheliocystis agents in sea bream Sparus aurata:morphological evidence for two distinct chlamydia-like developmental cycles

Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms

Effects of a Probiotic Strain ofEnterococcus faeciumon the Rate of Natural Chlamydia Infection in Swine

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