Intestinal Ascariasis in Children

Wani, Imtiaz; Rather, Muddasir; Naikoo, Ghulam M.; Amin, Abid; Mushtaq, Sobia; Nazir, Mudasir

doi:10.1007/s00268-010-0450-3

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An additional 44 million infected pregnant women suffer significant morbidity with hookwormassociated anaemia likely contributing to maternal mortality. It has been estimated that approximately 135,000 deaths occur each year due to STH infections (Awasthi and Bundy, 2007), mainly due to infections with the hookworms through anaemia, the roundworm A. lumbricoides through intestinal or biliary obstruction (Wani et al, 2010) and the whipworm T. trichiura through anaemia and chronic dysentery (Stephenson et al, 2000). When measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost, that is the number of healthy years lost to premature death or disability, STH infections are as important as malaria or tuberculosis (Brooker, 2010 The principal intervention available for controlling STH infections is the periodic administration of one of the four anthelmintics recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO): mebendazole (MEB), albendazole (ALB), levamisole (LEV) or pyrantel (PYR).…”

Section: Introduction/backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is anthelmintic resistance a concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths?

Vercruysse

Albonico²,

Behnke

et al. 2011

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

239

220

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The major human soil-transmitted helminths (STH), Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) and Trichuris trichiura have a marked impact on human health in many parts of the world. Current efforts to control these parasites rely predominantly on periodic mass administration of anthelmintic drugs to school age children and other at-risk groups. After many years of use of these same drugs for controlling roundworms in livestock, high levels of resistance have developed, threatening the sustainability of these livestock industries in some locations. Hence, the question arises as to whether this is likely to also occur in the human STH, thereby threatening our ability to control these parasites. This is particularly important because of the recent increase in mass control programmes, relying almost exclusively on benzimidazole anthelmintics. It will be important to ensure that resistance is detected as it emerges in order to allow the implementation of mitigation strategies, such as use of drug combinations, to ensure that the effectiveness of the few existing anthelmintic drugs is preserved. In this review we address these issues by firstly examining the efficacy of anthelmintics against the human STH, and assessing whether there are any indications to date that resistance has emerged. We then consider the factors that influence the effect of current drug-use patterns in selecting for resistant parasite populations. We describe the tools currently available for resistance monitoring (field-based coprological methods), and those under development (in vitro bioassays and molecular tests), and highlight confounding factors that need to be taken into account when interpreting such resistance-monitoring data. We then highlight means to ensure that the currently available tools are used correctly, particularly with regard to study design, and we set appropriate drug-efficacy thresholds. Finally, we make recommendations for monitoring drug efficacy in the field, as components of control programmes, in order to maximise the ability to detect drug resistance, and if it arises to change control strategy and prevent the spread of resistance.

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Section: Introduction/backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is anthelmintic resistance a concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths?

Vercruysse

Albonico²,

Behnke

et al. 2011

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

239

220

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“…When deciding for for surgical intervention in ascaridial intestinal obstruction, Wani criteria [7] were used, and are as follows:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milking or kneading of worms involves manual pushing of worms into large colon where from they pass freely through rectum as roundworms do not cause large gut obstruction. Enterotomy is ranked as the most common surgical procedure that need surgical intervention due to ascaridial intestinal obstruction in children [7,8]. Enterotomy for removal of roundworms is usually done in cases with impacted worm boluses with transerosal visibility or if the worms cannot be milked down into the colon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encountering Meckel's diverticulum in emergency surgery for ascaridial intestinal obstruction

et al. 2010

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BackgroundMeckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. In children with intestinal ascariasis, the diverticulum remains asymptomatic or rarely the Ascaris lumbricoides may lead to its complications in the presence of massive intestinal roundworm load. Given that preoperative diagnosis is seldom carried out, when Meckel's diverticulum is found at laparotomy for obstructive intestinal complications of roundworm, the diverticulum should be removed as complications may occur at any time. The aim of this study was to describe the findings of concomitant presence of Meckel's diverticulum who had surgical intervention in symptomatic intestinal ascariasis in children.MethodsA retrospective case review study of 14 children who had surgical intervention for symptomatic intestinal ascariasis having the presence of concomitant Meckel's diverticulum was done. The study was done at SMHS Hospital Srinagar, Kashmir.ResultsA total of the 14 children who had ascaridial intestinal obstruction with concomitant presence of Meckel's diverticulum were studied. Age of children ranged from 4-12 years, male:female ratio was 1.8:1. Nine patients had asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum, whereas 5 patients with symptomatic signs were found in the course of emergency surgery for ascaridial intestinal obstruction.ConclusionMeckel's diverticulum in intestinal ascariasis may pursue silent course or may be accompanied with complications of the diverticulitis, perforation or the gangrene. Incidental finding of the Meckel's diverticulum in the intestinal ascariasis should have removal.

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“…15 Complications including volvulus, gangrene, intestinal perforation massive gastrointestinal bleeding. 2 Occasionally, worms migrate through the ampulla of Vater into the biliary tree and gallbladder, resulting in bile duct obstruction, obstructive jaundice, single or recurrent cholangitis, colecysthitis, empyema, hepatic abscess and pancreatitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alien in the gallbladder. A rare case of biliary ascariasis in an Italian emergency department

et al. 2016

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Ascariasis is a common infection in many developing countries. The prevalence of ascariasis is related to poverty, poor hygienic and sanitary conditions. The adult form of Ascaris lumbricoides usually resides in the human intestinal lumen (more frequently in the jejunum and middle ileum) and does not cause symptoms. However, it can occasionally cause severe complications such as intestinal obstruction or perforation peritonitis. Its migration into the biliary tract is not uncommon but gallbladder involvement is very rare. Abdominal ultrasonography is essential to detect the presence of this parasite. In this article, we describe the radiologic findings, clinical manifestations and successful medical treatment of a patient with gallbladder ascariasis diagnosed in an emergency setting.

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Intestinal Ascariasis in Children

Abstract: Ascaridial intestinal obstruction is common in children in the Kashmir. Abdominal pain is the leading symptom in intestinal ascariasis. Plain X-ray and ultrasonography of the abdomen are used to diagnosis intestinal ascariasis. The majority of the patients can be managed conservatively.

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Is anthelmintic resistance a concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths?

Is anthelmintic resistance a concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths?

Encountering Meckel's diverticulum in emergency surgery for ascaridial intestinal obstruction

An alien in the gallbladder. A rare case of biliary ascariasis in an Italian emergency department

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