Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of red wine extract: unveiling the mechanisms in colonic epithelial cells

Abstract

The development of new therapeutic approaches, combining efficacy and safety against intestinal inflammation, notably inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has emerged as an important goal due to the significant side effects and the lack of effectiveness of standard current therapies. Recently, several studies described the health-promoting effects of red wine, including anti-inflammatory properties, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial role remain largely unknown. Red wine is rich in phenolic compounds and it has been suggested that the positive effect of red wine intake might be attributed not only to the antioxidant properties of these compounds but also to the modulation of signalling cascades in connection with physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as inflammatory processes. This study assesses the potential anti-inflammatory action of a red wine extract (RWE) enriched in polyphenols in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation using cytokines-stimulated HT-29 colon epithelial cells. RWE suppressed cytokines-induced IκB degradation and interleukin-8 production in a dose-dependent manner. Coherently, key inflammatory mediators downstream NF-κB activation; notably cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were maintained at low levels by RWE in the presence of the cytokines. Additionally, RWE inhibited both the increase of nitric oxide derived from iNOS and of protein tyrosine nitration, a biomarker of nitrosative stress that typically requires the reaction of nitric oxide with the superoxide radical. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory action of RWE, mechanistically supported by the modulation of cascades orchestrated by NF-κB and involving nitric oxide, suggests that RWE (a readily straightforward preparation when compared with the purification of specific compounds) may represent a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy in the context of intestinal inflammation.

Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Modulates the In Vitro Inflammatory Crosstalk between Intestinal Epithelial and Endothelial Cells

“…The present data are in accordance with other previous studies reporting the inhibitory activity of anthocyanins on the NF- κ B proinflammatory pathway in Caco-2 cells [10, 31, 32]. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated that feeding pigs with an anthocyanin-rich extract reduces transactivation of NF- κ B in the duodenal mucosa and in turn lowers transcript levels of various NF- κ B target genes involved in the inflammatory process [33].…”

Wine consumption and intestinal redox homeostasis

“…Wine extract decreased the degradation of Inhibitor of NF-κB, the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2 and IL-8 [65]. Similarly, human colon-derived CCD-18Co myofibroblast cells pre-treated with Port Barrel Reserve red wine polyphenolic extract (LeNoir grapes—Texas) and then treated with LPS showed decreased mRNA of both NF-kB and adhesion molecules, depending on the wine-extract concentration.…”

Phenolic and Anthocyanin Profile of Valea Calugareasca Red Wines by HPLC-PDA-MS and MALDI-TOF Analysis

“…Phenolic compounds are secondary plant metabolites accumulated in grapes, occurring in all grape parts including skin and seeds and being extracted to wines during the winemaking process. It is well known that phenolic compounds from wines exhibit positive influence on health status acting as exogenous natural antioxidants with long-time proved efficiency in inhibiting the lipoperoxidation (Barreiros et al 2006), as anti-inflammatory agents (Nunes et al 2013) or as carcinopreventive agent compounds (Clifford et al 1996).…”