Intestinal Absorption of Colostral Lymphoid Cells in Newborn Animals

Tuboly, S; Bernáth, Sándor

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0559-4_12

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, we may conclude that colostrum and milk can transmit JSRV. If this event is important in the transmission of the JSRV, the infection may be stopped by heat treatment of colostrum, because after this treatment lymphoid cells are not absorbed in lamb intestines (Tuboly and Bernáth, 2002). In fact, in a recent study conducted in Germany in a flock with high level of OPA, the same control measures to control Maedi-Visna were implemented, creating a new flock with lambs separated at birth from the mothers and artificially feeding colostrum and milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that colostrum is very rich in these cells because they are very important for the lamb protection against external pathogens. These cells from the mother transferred with the colostrums can pass the lamb intestinal barrier and colonize mesenteric lymphoid tissues in the lamb (Tuboly and Bernáth, 2002). These cells may act as a ''Trojan horse'' to introduce the JSRV into the lamb organism.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Colostrum and milk can transmit jaagsiekte retrovirus to lambs

Grego

Meneghi

Álvarez

et al. 2008

Veterinary Microbiology

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Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious disease caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). In the three studies performed, we have obtained data of the importance of colostrum/milk (C/M) in the transmission of JSRV. In the first study, a group of sheep from a flock with a long history of OPA, samples from colostrum and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) were collected. Two specific PCRs (U3-LTR and env of the JSRV) were carried out. Using U3PCR 8/34 sheep were positive in colostrum whereas with envPCR 7/34 were positive. From these animals only one was positive with U3PCR in the PBLs. Evidence of the transmission of JSRV infection by C/M was obtained in two more separate studies. In the second study, PBLs from five lambs from JSRV+ ewes and two from JSRV-ewes were tested by the U3PCR. They were fed C/M by their mothers during 3 months and slaughtered 7 months after birth. Three out of five lambs from the JSRV+ sheep become PBL positive at 3-4 months old and the other two were also positive at 4-6 months of age. One lamb of the JSRV-sheep became also PBL positive at an age of 3 months. In the third study, a group of lambs from JSRV negative mothers were fed with C/M from JSRV+ sheep and housed in separate unit. For comparison, another group of the same origin and maintained in another different unit, were fed with C/M containing a JSRV virus preparation. All lambs were blood sampled monthly and JSRV infection was detected as early as 15 days and several times onwards in both groups. Control groups fed with C/M from JSRV free flock and JSRV blood test negative sheep were always negative. Together these results indicate that suckling is an important natural transmission route for JSRV. #

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colostrum and milk can transmit jaagsiekte retrovirus to lambs

Grego

Meneghi

Álvarez

et al. 2008

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…This transfer and the immunological functionality of the transferred lymphocytes were shown for lambs and piglets (Tuboly and Bernath, 2002). If these mechanisms should contribute to the protective effects, vaccinations of sows with live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines should induce an even higher protective effect because they more effectively stimulate the cellular immune response.…”

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confidence: 97%

Immunization of Sows in an Integrated Pig‐breeding Herd using a Homologous Inactivated Salmonella Vaccine Decreases the Prevalence of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in the Offspring

Roesler

Heller²,

Waldmann

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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The efficacy of a homologous vaccination in preventing infection of suckling piglets with Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium was evaluated after an immunization of pregnant sows using an inactivated herd-specific S. Typhimurium vaccine. Twenty-five pregnant sows were vaccinated three times antepartum. The efficiency of this vaccine regime was assessed by comparison with a control group of 37 sows and their suckling piglets, which were daily treated with enrofloxacin from day 14 antepartum until the day of weaning. From the first day of life until day 142 post-partum, faecal samples of the piglets were collected and analysed for Salmonella shedding. In parallel, systemic antibody responses were monitored using a whole cell-based isotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bacteriological investigation showed marked effects of vaccination. Salmonella Typhimurium could not be detected in any of the faecal samples of the piglets from the vaccinated sows. In contrast, the piglets of the group with long-time antibiotic treatment shed salmonellae rating to 47.4% of the animals. Furthermore, the offspring from vaccinated sows showed significantly decreased antibody activities of immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG. These bacteriological and serological results indicate a significantly lower Salmonella prevalence in piglets of the vaccinated group. As this study shows, the presented strategy of vaccination of pregnant sows with an inactivated Salmonella vaccine seems to be a suitable measure in decreasing Salmonella prevalence in offspring of infected sows.

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“…There are more than 2 ϫ 10 6 cells per ml in colostrum, approximately 20% of which are lymphocytes, and an estimated 500 million maternal cells transverse the intestinal epithelium daily (3,10). Interestingly, the transfer of lymphocytes from colostrum into the circulation of the neonate is ordered, not random, indicating an evolutionary importance of maternal lymphocytes (21,23). The present study investigated whether the colostrum of vaccinated sows (VS) transfers functional antigen-specific lymphocytes to newborn piglets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The timing of cross-fostering practices may limit the number of cells transferred into the neonate and may hinder the immune development of those animals, since colostral cells are transferred into the neonate only if the colostrum is from the piglet's own mother (21,23). Using technetium-labeled cells (21) and fluorescein-labeled cells (23), two different groups demonstrated that heat-killed cells and cells from a source other than the piglet's own mother do not transverse the intestinal barrier. Thus, the transfer of T cells is dependent on their being viable and maternal in origin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Transfer of Maternal Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae -Specific Cellular Immunity to Piglets

Bandrick

Pieters

Pijoan

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Immunity in the neonatal animal is primarily maternally derived, either by lymphocytes that pass into the newborn across the placenta or following colostrum ingestion. However, the effect of this passively transferred cellular maternal immunity on the newborn's immune repertoire is not clearly understood. Various studies have shown that colostral lymphocytes are activated and possess functional abilities; however, no studies have shown the transfer of colostral antigen-specific T-cell-specific responses in a newborn. In this study we examined the transfer of vaccine-induced Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cellular immunity from immune dams to newborn piglets. Newborn piglets from vaccinated and nonvaccinated dams were assessed in two ways for cellular immune responses specific to M. hyopneumoniae: (i) delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing and (ii) in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, assayed on piglet blood lymphocytes and sow colostral lymphocytes. DTH responses to M. hyopneumoniae were detected only for offspring of vaccinated sows, whereas DTH responses to the nonspecific mitogen phytohemagglutinin were seen for all piglets. M. hyopneumoniae-specific proliferation was seen for colostral lymphocytes from vaccinated sows and for blood lymphocytes from neonatal piglets of vaccinated dams but not for blood lymphocytes from piglets of nonvaccinated sows. Functional antigen-specific T cells were transferred to offspring from vaccinated sows and participated in the neonatal immune response upon stimulation. These data have implications for defining disease intervention strategies.The immediate postnatal period is a critical time in the development of young animals' immune systems because it involves a major shift from reliance on innate immunity to adaptive immunity. During this transition period, neonates are protected by passively acquired maternal immunity. In most species, the fetus acquires passive immunity in utero when immune factors cross the placenta. However, some animals, specifically those with epitheliochorial (swine and equine) or hematochorial (bovine) placentation, first receive maternal immunity at birth through colostrum ingestion. Immunomodulatory factors are integral parts of colostrum and include hormones and cytokines, as well as antibodies and a variety of cells (reviewed in reference 22). While an extensive literature exists regarding the immunoglobulin composition of porcine mammary secretions, little attention has been given to colostral cells. There are more than 2 ϫ 10 6 cells per ml in colostrum, approximately 20% of which are lymphocytes, and an estimated 500 million maternal cells transverse the intestinal epithelium daily (3, 10). Interestingly, the transfer of lymphocytes from colostrum into the circulation of the neonate is ordered, not random, indicating an evolutionary importance of maternal lymphocytes (21, 23). The present study investigated whether the colostrum of vaccinated sows (VS) transfers functional antigen-specific lymphocytes to newborn piglets.Contributions by studies of...

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Intestinal Absorption of Colostral Lymphoid Cells in Newborn Animals

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Colostrum and milk can transmit jaagsiekte retrovirus to lambs

Colostrum and milk can transmit jaagsiekte retrovirus to lambs

Immunization of Sows in an Integrated Pig‐breeding Herd using a Homologous Inactivated Salmonella Vaccine Decreases the Prevalence of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in the Offspring

Passive Transfer of Maternal Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae -Specific Cellular Immunity to Piglets

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