Intestinal absorption of .BETA.-alanine, anserine and carnosine in rats.

Hama, Takao; Tamaki, Nanaya; Miyamoto, Fumiko; Kita, M; Tsunemori, Fusako

doi:10.3177/jnsv.22.147

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The identity of such a compartment is unknown, but the evidence of Hama, Tamaki, Miyamoto, Kita & Tsunemori (1976), who fed high doses of carnosine to rats, would favour accumulation in liver rather than muscle even though skeletal muscle is the major repository of endogenous carnosine. The hypertonic test meal caused a substantial increase (up to 6-fold) in the lactulose recovery in all subjects except one, and there was marked variation in the effect of hypertonicity (see Fig.…”

Section: L G Gardner and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal absorption of the intact peptide carnosine in man, and comparison with intestinal permeability to lactulose.

Gardner

Illingworth

Kelleher

et al. 1991

The Journal of Physiology

139

107

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SUMMARY Healthy humans ingested the dipeptide carnosine (L-/I-alanyl-L-histidine).Their plasma levels and urinary outputs of carnosine and ,8-alanine were monitored over the following 5 h.2. Large amounts of intact carnosine (up to 14 % of the ingested dose) were recovered in the urine over the 5 h after ingestion. However, carnosine was undetectable in the plasma unless precautions were taken to inhibit blood carnosinase activity ex vivo during and after blood collection.3. The amount of carnosine recovered in urine varied substantially between subjects. It correlated negatively with carnosinase enzymic activity in the plasma. Highest carnosinase activities were observed in those subjects who regularly underwent physical training.4. Urinary recovery of the disaccharide lactulose also varied considerably between subjects, but was substantially lower than that of carnosine. There was no significant correlation between the recoveries of carnosine and lactulose. 5. When lactulose was ingested with a hypertonic solution, the urinary recovery of lactulose was generally increased. When carnosine was ingested with a hypertonic solution, the urinary recovery of carnosine was reduced: hence the paracellular route probably is not dominant for absorption of intact carnosine.6. Intact carnosine must have crossed the intestine to an extent much greater than hitherto recognized. Rapid post-absorptive hydrolysis is a severe obstacle to quantification of intact peptide absorption.

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Section: L G Gardner and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal absorption of the intact peptide carnosine in man, and comparison with intestinal permeability to lactulose.

Gardner

Illingworth

Kelleher

et al. 1991

The Journal of Physiology

139

107

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“…It is well known that dipeptides such as L-carnosine can be transported across the intestinal tract via a dipeptide carrier system(s) , Ganapathy and Leibach 1983, Rajendram et al 1984, Cheeseman and Devlin 1985, and the Michaelis- Menten constant (K,,,) of L-carnosine was about 10 mM , Rajendran et al 1984. Furthermore, some L-carnosine was hydrolyzed to /I-alanine and L-histidine through the membrane permeability in the everted gut sac (Hama et al 1976) and L-histidine was transported by another system, possibly an amino acid transported (Navab 1984). These findings suggest that the absorption kinetics of radioactivity of ''C-polaprezinc was linear because the K,,, of this carrier system of L-carnosine was large, and some radioactivity was due to ''C-polaprezinc that was absorbed linearly as L-histidine after hydrolysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Absorption mechanism of polaprezinc (zinc L-carnosine complex) by an everted sac method

1994

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1. The absorption mechanism of polaprezinc (zinc-carnosine chelate compound) was studied in rat by an everted gut sac method. The rates of transport and accumulation of 14C-L-carnosine were proportional to the mucosal concentration of L-carnosine, whereas the rates of transport and accumulation of 65ZnCl2 had become saturated. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) = 4.41 mM and maximal rate (Vmax) = 71.83 nmol/min/g for zinc transport and, similarly, Km = 6.21 mM and Vmax = 92.51 mumol/30 min/g for accumulation. 2. The addition of ouabain, 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and low temperatures reduced the rate of zinc uptake, indicating that zinc transport was considered to be a carrier-mediated process based on Na+,K(+)-ATPase-dependent mechanisms. 3. The concentration of zinc in the gut of the non-fasted rat was greater than that of the fasted rat, suggesting different rates of transport and accumulation. It is suggested that zinc intestinal uptake in rat is regulated by zinc content in the gut. 4. A pharmacokinetic model for transport and accumulation of zinc saturation from the lumen side to the gut was designed, and the calculated values obtained by simultaneous multiline fitting of transport and accumulation of zinc data were in good agreement with the observed values.

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“…Animal muscles are good sources of anserine and carnosine (Susan et a/., 1989). Previous reports showed that carnosine was completely hydrolyzed to ~-alanine and histidine, except for anserine which was hydrolyzed by about 86% (Hama et al, 1976;Ganapathy & Leibach, 1982).…”

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confidence: 89%

Effects of Amino Acids and Dipeptides on the Uptake and Transport of Iron by Caco-2 Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium.

Kongkachuichai

Yasumoto

1997

FSTI

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of five amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, cysteine and phenylalanine, and of two dipeptides, anserine and carnosine, on the uptake and transport of iron across monolayers of Cac0-2 cells. Cac0-2 cells were grown on polycarbonate membrane inserts in serum-free medium LDMEM plus ITS (5 mg/ I insulin, 5 mg/ I transferrin and 5 pg/ I selenious acid)]. The anserine, carnosine, glutamic acid, histidine and aspartic acid, except for cysteine and phenylalanine, at 20 pM significantly increased the uptake and transport of iron. Iron uptake and rate of iron transport in the presence of aspartic acid at 20 pM Were significantly greater than those of other test solutions. When the concentration of added carnosine, anserine, glutamic acid, histidine and phenylalanine was increased from 20 pM to I mM in the test solution, the uptake and transport of iron was further increased. The results of the present study indicated that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, and the dipeptides, anserine and carnosine, enhanced the uptake and transport of iron by Cac0-2 cells.

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Intestinal absorption of .BETA.-alanine, anserine and carnosine in rats.

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Intestinal absorption of the intact peptide carnosine in man, and comparison with intestinal permeability to lactulose.

Intestinal absorption of the intact peptide carnosine in man, and comparison with intestinal permeability to lactulose.

Absorption mechanism of polaprezinc (zinc L-carnosine complex) by an everted sac method

Effects of Amino Acids and Dipeptides on the Uptake and Transport of Iron by Caco-2 Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium.

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